Jastrow: אִיסּוּר II

אִיסּוּר II, אִסּוּר m. (אסר; cmp. b. h. אֵסוּר, a. אֵיסוּר) 1) band, chain; trnsf. social circle. Succ. 45ᵇ (ref. to Ps. CXVIII, 27) כל העושה א׳ לחג וכ׳ he who creates a circle for the festival with eating and drinking, i.e. social pleasures. [Oth. explan.: he who makes an addition to the number of festive days;—hence the popular name of אסרו חג for the day following the festivals.] —2) prohibition, interdict; also the forbidden object. Y. Ber. I, 3ᵇ bot. דברי תורה יש בהן א׳ וכ׳ the Biblical law contains prohibitions and permissions.—א׳ ערוה an obstacle to marriage by the existing laws of incest, e.g. a man prevented from performing a levirate marriage because his late brother’s wife is his own wife’s sister; &c.—א׳ מצוה a marriage (or sexual connection) permitted in the Torah but forbidden by Rabbinical enactment;—so called because obedience to the Rabbis is a meritorious act (מצוה); א׳ קדושה marriage restrictions incumbent on priests on account of their sacred office; (another opinion inverts the last two definitions). Yeb. II, 3 (20ᵃ).—אין א׳ חל על א׳ one prohibition can take no legal hold where another prohibition already exists; i.e. you can punish, or impose sacrificial expiation, only for the first one; e.g. if you eat the meat of an unclean animal which, besides, has not been slaughtered according to ritual (נבלה). Ib. 13ᵇ; a. fr.—Exceptions to this principle (adopted by most authorities) are when the acceding act is: 1) א׳ כֹּולֵל a more comprehensive prohibition, i.e. having a wider range of prohibited objects; e.g. the law imposing abstinence from food on the Day of Atonement includes food in general, i.e. food otherwise allowed as well as food forbidden at all times; א׳ מוֹסִיף a more extensive prohibition, i.e. having a wider range of persons concerned; e.g. the sister of A’s wife is forbidden to him (אחות אשתו) but not to his brothers. If, afterwards, his brother B. marries that sister of A.’s wife, she is forbidden in marriage (after B.’s death) to all the brothers as a brother’s wife, and to A. both as his own living wife’s sister and as his late brother’s wife (אשת אח); —3) א׳ בַּת אַחַת a coincidental prohibition, i.e. two prohibitions taking effect at the same moment, e.g. the Day of Atonement coinciding with the Sabbath day, in which case the restrictions connected with each take effect at the same time (night-fall); 4) א׳ חָמוּר a heavier prohibition, i.e. a prohibition imposing larger restrictions, e.g. the law prohibiting any profitable use of thing (א׳ הנאה), compared to the lighter prohibition, א׳ קַל, not to eat or drink a thing (v. infra). Yeb. 32ᵇ sq; Shebu. 24ᵃ; 24ᵇ; Ḥull. 101ᵃ sq; Kerith. 14ᵇ.—א׳ תורה a Biblical prohibitory law; א׳ דרבנן a Rabbinical prohibitory enactment.—א׳ לאו a prohibition expressed in the Law by a plain (לֹא) ‘thou shalt not’, without defining the penalty, in which case the latter consists of thirty nine lashes (v. מַלְקוּת).—א׳ כרת a prohibition to which the Bible attaches the penalty of excision (by the hand of God).—א׳ מיתה a prohibition the transgression of which the Bible punishes with death (execution).—א׳ אכילה the law not to eat (meat boiled with milk); Kerith. 14ᵇ.—א׳ תורה a Biblical prohibitory law; א׳ דרבנן a Rabbinical prohibitory enactment.—א׳ לאו a prohibition expressed in the Law by a plain (לֹא) ‘thou shalt not’, without defining the penalty, in which case the latter consists of thirty nine lashes (v. מַלְקוּת).—א׳ כרת a prohibition to which the Bible attaches the penalty of excision (by the hand of God).—א׳ מיתה a prohibition the transgression of which the Bible punishes with death (execution).—א׳ אכילה the law not to eat (meat boiled with milk); א׳ הנאה not to make any use (of it, as selling &c.); א׳ בישול not to boil (meat with milk). Ḥull. 115ᵇ; a. fr.—א׳ במות, v. בָּמָה.—Pl. אִיסּוּרִין. Ḥull. 98ᵃ sq. כל א׳ שבתורה (בטלין) בששים all things Biblically forbidden are neutralized if mixed with a quantity sixty times as large; ib. במאה—in a quantity one hundred times as large; a. fr.