בָּדַק (b. h. √בד , v. בדד) to split, break into, penetrate. Keth. XIII, 9 הנוה היפה בּוֹדֵק the removal to a better residence (and style of living) penetrates (the body and creates disease); v. ib. 110ᵇ מאי ב׳ כדשמואל וכ׳ what does bodek mean? Answ. As it is expressed by Samuel …, a change of the mode of living (v. וֶסֶת) is the beginning of abdominal disease.—Esp. 1) to search, examine, investigate, try. Sot. V, 1 as well as the water בּוֹדְקִין אותה וכ׳ tries her (eventually makes her sick), so does it try him (the adulterer). Pes. I, 1 ב׳ את החמץ leavened bread is searched after (for the sake of removing it). Ib. 9ᵇ (בית) בָּדוּק a house which has been searched. Snh. III, 6 ב׳ את העדים the witnesses are cross-examined. Ib. IV, 5; v. דְּרִישָׁה. Sabb. 139ᵃ וכ׳ בְּדוֹק בדיינו investigate the doings of the Israelitish judges. Keth. VII, 8 הוא בּוֹדְקָהּ וכ׳ he has her examined (as to bodily soundness) by his female relatives. Ib. 75ᵇ חזקה אין … אא"כ בּוֹדְקוֹ the presumption is that nobody will drink out of a cup, unless he has examined it (will not marry a woman before ascertaining her physical condition). Kidd. IV, 4 צריך לבְדוֹק אחריה וכ׳ must investigate her family records up to four mothers &c. Ib. 5 אין בודקין מן וכ׳ no family records are searched beyond the altar, i.e. the ascertained fact of a person’s admission to priestly services is sufficient evidence of unblemished descent for marriage purposes. Nidd. 30ᵇ ובדקן ומצאן (read ובדקו ומצאו) they (the scholars) examined (made a post mortem examination); Tosef. ib. IV, 17; Bekh. 45ᵃ; a. fr. —2) to tend, cure (plants), esp. to cover with earth or manure. Tosef. Shebi. I, 12; Y. ib. IV, 35ᵇ bot.
Nif. - נִבְדַּק to be examined &c. Y. Gitt. I, 43ᵇ; IX, end, 50ᵈ נ׳ השם the report was traced. Nidd. V, 6 נדריה נִבְדָּקִין her vows are subject to examination (to find out whether she knows the import of a vow); a. fr.