power, might
δύνᾰμις[ῠ],ἡ , gen.εως, Ion.
ιος, Ion. dat.δυνάμι: (δύναμαι):—
A. power, might, in Hom. , esp. ofbodily strength, εἴ μοι δ. γε παρείη
Od. 2.62
, cf. Il. 8.294 ; οἵη ἐμὴ δ. καὶ χεῖρες
Od. 20.237
; ἡ δ. τῶν νέων
Antipho 4.3.2
, etc.: generally,strength, power, abilityto do anything,πὰρ δύναμινbeyond one'sstrength, Il. 13.787 ; in Prose, παρὰ δ. τολμηταί
Th. 1.70
, etc.; ὑπὲρ δ.
D. 18.193
; opp.κατὰ δ.as far aslies in one, Hdt. 3.142 , etc. ( κὰδ δ.
Hes. Op. 336
); εἰς δύναμιν
Cratin. 172
, Pl. R. 458e , etc.; πρὸς τὴν δ.
Id. Phdr. 231a
.
2. outward power, influence, authority, A. Pers. 174 (anap.), Ag. 779 (lyr.); καταπαύσαντα τὴν Κύρου δ.
Hdt. 1.90
; δυνάμει προὔχοντες
Th. 7.21
, etc.;ἐν δ. εἶναι, γενέσθαι, X. HG 4.4.5 , D. 13.29 .
3. force for war, forces, δ. ἀνδρῶν
Hdt. 5.100
, cf. Pl. Mx. 240d , Plb. 1.41.2 , LXX Ge. 21.22 , OGI 139.8
(ii B. C.);μετὰ δυνάμεων ἱκανῶνWilcken Chr. 10
(ii B. C.), etc.; δ. καὶ πεζὴ καὶ ἱππικὴ καὶ ναυτική
X. An. 1.3.12
;πέντε δυνάμεσι πεφρουρημένον, of the five projecting rows of sarissae in the phalanx, Ascl. Tact. 5.2 ,al.
4. a power, quantity, χρημάτων δ.
Hdt. 7.9
.ά.
5. means, κατὰ δύναμιν
Arist. EE 1243b12
; opp.παρὰ δ., 2 Ep.Cor. 8.3 ; κατὰ δ. τῶν ὑπαρχόντων
BGU 1051.17
(Aug.).
II. power, faculty, capacity, αἱ ἀμφὶ τὸ σῶμα δ.
Hp. VM 14
; αἱ τοῦ σώματος δυνάμεις
Pl. Tht. 185e
; ἡ τῆς ὄψεως δ.
Id. R. 532a
; ἡ τῶν λεγόντων δ.
D. 22.11
: c. gen. rei,capacity for, τῶν ἔργων
Arist. Pol. 1309a35
; τοῦ λέγειν
Id. Rh. 1362b22
;τοῦ λόγου, τῶν λόγων, Men. 578 , Alex. 94 ; δ. στρατηγική
Plb. 1.84.6
; δ. ἐν πραγματείᾳ
Id. 2.56.5
; δ. συνθετική
D.H. Comp. 2
: abs., anynatural capacityorfaculty, that may be improved and may be used for good or ill, Arist. Top. 126a37 , cf. MM 1183b28 .
2. elementary force, such as heat, cold, etc., Hp. VM 16 , Arist. PA 646a14 ;ἡ τοῦ θερμοῦ δ.ib. 650a5 ; θερμαντικὴ δ.
Epicur. Fr. 60
, cf. Polystr. p.23 W.
b. property, quality, ἰδίην δύναμιν καὶ φύσιν ἔχειν
Hp. VM 13
, cf. Nat.Hom. 5 , Vict. 1.10 ; esp. of thenatural propertiesof plants, etc.,αἱ δ. τῶν φυομένων, τῶν σπερμάτων, X. Cyr. 8.8.14 , Thphr. HP 8.11.1 ;productive power, τῆς γῆς
Id. Oec. 16.4
; μετάλλων
Id. Vect. 4.1
: generally,function, faculty,δύναμις φυσική, ζωική, ψυχική, Gal. 10.635 ;περὶ φυσικῶν δ., title of work by Galen.
c. in pl.,agencies,ὑπάρχειν ἐν τῇ φύσει τὰς τοιαύτας δυνάμεις(sc. the gods) Polystr. p.10 W.
d. function, meaning, of part in whole, Id. p.17 W.
e. in Music,function, value, of a note in the scale, δ. ἐστι τάξις φθόγγου ἐν συστήματι
Cleonid. Harm. 14
, cf. Aristox. Harm. p.69M. ;μέση κατὰ δύναμιν, opp.κατὰ θέσιν, Ptol. Harm. 2.5 .
3. faculty, art, orcraft, Pl. R. 532d , Arist. Metaph. 1018a30 , EN 1094a10 , Arr. Epict. 1.1.1 ;δ. σκεπτικήthedoctrineof the Sceptics, S.E. M. 7.1 .
4. a medicine, Timostr. 7 , etc.; δ. ἁπλαῖ
Hp. Decent. 9
, Aret. CD 1.4 , etc.; δ. πολυφάρμακοι
Plu. 2.403c
, Gal. 13.365 : in pl.,collection of formulaeorprescriptions, Orib. 10.33 .
b. actionof medicines,περὶ τῆς ἁπλῶν φαρμάκων δ., title of work by Galen; also,potency,δυνάμει θερμά, ψυχρά, Id. 1.672 , al.
5. magically potent substanceorobject,
PMag.Leid.V. 8.12 : in pl.,magical powers, Hld. 4.7 .
III. forceormeaningof a word, Lys. 10.7 , Pl. Cra. 394b , Diog.Oen. 12 , Phld. Sign. 31 , etc.
b. phoneticvalueof sounds or letters, Plb. 10.47.8 , D.H. Comp. 12 , Luc. Jud.Voc. 5 , etc.
2. worthorvalueof money, Th. 6.46 , 2.97 , Plu. Lyc. 9 , Sol. 15 .
IV. capability of existingoracting, potentiality, opp.actuality(ἐνέργεια), Arist. Metaph. 1047b31 , 1051a5 , etc.: henceδυνάμειasAdv.,virtually, ὕστερον ὂν τῇ τάξει, πρότερον τῇ δυνάμει . . ἐστί
D. 3.15
; opp.ἐνεργείᾳ, Arist. APo. 86a28 , al.; opp.ἐντελεχείᾳ, Id. Ph. 193b8 , al.
V. Math.,power, κατὰ μεταφορὰν ἡ ἐν γεωμετρίᾳ λέγεται δ.
Id. Metaph. 1019b33
; usu.second power, square,κατὰ δύναμινinsquare, Pl. Ti. 54b , cf. Theol.Ar. 11 , etc.: chiefly in dat., [εὐθεῖα] δυνάμει ἴσηa linethe squareon which is equal to an area,ἡBAἐλάσσων ἐστὶν ἢ διπλασίων δυνάμει τῆςAK thesquareon BA is less than double of thesquareon AK, Archim. Sph.Cyl. 2.9 :εὐθεῖαι δ. σύμμετροιcommensurablein square, Euc. 10
Def. 2 ;ἡ δυνάμει δεκάςthe series 12 + 22 . . . + 102 , Theol.Ar. 64 .
b. square number, Pl. Ti. 32a .
c. squareof an unknown quantity ( x2 ), Dioph. Def. 2 , al.
2. square rootof a number which is not a perfect square,surd, opp.μῆκος, Pl. Tht. 147d .
3. productof two numbers,ἡ ἀμφοῖν(sc.τριάδος καὶ δυάδος) δ. ἑξάς
Ph. 1.3
, cf. Iamb. in Nic. p.108 P.;δυνάμει in product, Hero Metr. 1.15 , Theol.Ar. 33 .
VI. concrete,powers, esp. of divine beings, αἱ δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν
LXX Is. 34.4
, cf. 1 Ep.Pet. 3.22 , al., Ph. 1.587 , Corp.Herm. 1.26 , Porph. Abst. 2.34 : sg., Act.Ap. 8.10 , PMag.Par. 1.1275 ;πολυώνυμος δ., of God, Secund. Sent. 3 .
VII. manifestation of divine power, miracle,
Ev.Matt. 11.21 , al., BureschAus Lydien
113 , etc.
