the very man who, the very thing which
ὅσπερ,ἥπερ, ὅπερ( Ep.
ὅπερas masc., Il. 7.114 , 21.107 ); gen.οὗπερ,
Ep.
A.
οἷόπερ
A.R. 1.1325
; in Ion. writers and in Poets the obl. cases are sts. borrowed from the Art., τόπερ
Id. 3.1098
; τοῦπερ
A. Pers. 779
; τῇπερ
Il. 24.603
, Hdt. 1.30 ; τοίπερ
Od. 13.130
; τάπερ
A. Ch. 418
(lyr.), Hdt. 3.16 ; τῶνπερ
Il. 13.638
, A. Ag. 974 ; on concord and constr. cf. ὅς
B. 1.1
, 2 , 4 , 11.1a , 3 , IV. 4 :—the very man who, the very thing which; freq. indistinguishable from simpleὅς,cf. ὅσος
111.4
: with words intervening betweenὅςandπερ
, ὅς ῥ' ἔβαλέν περ
Il. 4.524
, cf. 13.101 , etc.
2. used after Adjs. of resemblance, ὡυτὸς ὅσπερ
Hdt. 8.42
; ἐκ τῶν ἴσων . . , ὧνπερ αὐτὸς ἐξέφυ
S. OT 1499
;ὅμοια ἔπραττον ἅπερ ἄν. . X. An. 5.4.34 ;ὅρκια τάπερ τε. .the same as. . , Hdt. 1.74 .
II. special uses of cases,
1. ὅπερ, wherefore,
D.S. 13.18 codd. (s.v.l.);although,
A.D. Pron. 103.7 .
2. ἅπερ, as, like,
A. Ch. 381 (lyr.), Eu. 131 , 660 , S. Aj. 168 (anap., as v.l.), OT 175 (lyr.), X. HG 5.1.18 , etc.; cf.καθάπερ.
3. οὗπερ,
v. ὅς A b. 1 .
4. ᾗπερ,
Dor.
ᾇπερ, which way, where, whither,
Il. 6.41 , 12.33 , X. An. 6.5.10 , etc.; Ion.
τῇπερ, ἔθαψαν . . τῇπερ ἔπεσε
Hdt. 1.30
; also,as,
Il. 7.286 , A. Ch. 440 (lyr.), Ar. Ach. 364 ; ᾗπερ δή
Il. 9.310
; ᾗπερ καί
X. Mem. 3.8.2
.
5. in the Logic of Aristotle,ὅπερ ἐστί,orὅπερalone, has two senses :
a. non-technical, and unemphatic,what(a thing)is, ἑκάστη οὐσία τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, οὐ λέγεται μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττονeach substance is calledwhatitiswithout the difference of more or less, Cat. 3b36 ;τὸ διπλάσιον τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, ἑτέρου λέγεταιthe double is calledwhatitis(viz. the double) of something, i.e. is relative, ib. 6a39 .
b. expressing identity,οὔτε ἡ χιὼν ὅ. λευκόνsnow is notwhatwhiteis,i.e. is not identical with white, Top. 120b23 ;ὁ λευκὸς ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. χρῶμαib. 116a27 : hence, to indicate thepreciseoressentialnature of a thing,οὐ γὰρ ἂν φαίη ὅ. κακόν τι εἶναι τὴν ἡδονήνhe would not say that pleasure isessentiallysomething bad, EN 1153b6 ;τὰ μὲν οὐσίαν σημαίνοντα ὅ. ἐκεῖνό ἢ ὅ. ἐκεῖνό τι σημαίνειexpressions which show the essence showprecisely whatthe thing in questionisorpreciselyof what kind itis(i.e. indicate either its species or its genus), APo. 83a24 ;ὅ. <τόδε> τί ἐστι τὸ τί ἦν εἶναιthe essence of a thingis preciselya 'this', i.e. a fully specified particular, Metaph. 1030a3 ;ἡ μὲν [ἐπιστήμη] ὅ. ἀνθρώπου ἐστίνknowledge (that man is an animal) is apprehension that 'animal' isan element in the essential natureof man, APo. 89a35 .
