οὗτος,αὕτη, τοῦτο, gen.τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου, etc.: the dual fem. never in Att. ,v. ὁ,ἡ,τό, init.:—demonstr. Pron.,
A. this, common from Hom. downwds.
A. ORIGIN and FORMS:οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτοprob. arose from a reduplication of the demonstr.ὁ,ἡ , τόwith insertion of-υ-(= Skt. Particleu), e.g.ταῦταfr.τα-υ-τα: Dor. gen. sg. fem. τούτας
Philol. 11
; nom. pl. τοῦτοι, ταῦται
A.D. Synt. 111.23
: the former occurs Sophr. 24 , GDI 3045
B 6 (Selinus), SIG 339.16 (Rhodes,iii B. C.), etc., the latter is dub. in Sophr. 97 , certain in SIG 241
B 117 (Delph.,iv B. C.): in Boeot. all forms begin withοὑτ-, as gen. sg. neut. οὕτω
(Elis,iv B. C.).—In Ion. sts. writtenταότην, ταο͂τα, SIG 283.19 (Chios,iv B. C.), 46.7 (Halic.,v B. C.), al.—In Att.
οὗτοςwas freq. strengthd. by the demonstr.-ί, οὑτοσί, αὑτηί, τουτί, gen.τουτουί, dat.τουτῳί, acc.τουτονί; pl. nom.οὑτοιί, neut.ταυτί, etc.,this man here: sts. a Particle is inserted between the Pron. and-ί, asαὑτηγίforαὑτηί γε, Ar. Ach. 784 ;τουτογίforτουτί γε, Id. V. 781 ,
Av. 894 , al.;ταυταγίforταυτί γε, Id. Eq. 492 , Pax 1057 , al.;τουτοδίforτουτὶ δέ, Id. Pl. 227 ;τουτουμενίforτουτουὶ μέν, Id. Ra. 965 .—In codd. theν ἐφελκυστικόνis sts. added in the formsοὑτοσίν, οὑτωσίν, andοὑτοσίνis said to be Att. by A.D. Pron. 59.24 , 82.11 . [Thisιis always long, and a long vowel or diphthong before it becomes short, asαὑτη̆ί, τουτῳ̆ί, οὑτοῐί, Ar. Nu. 201 , Pl. 44 , Ach. 40 , etc.]
B. USAGE in regard to CONCOR D.
οὗτοςis freq. used as a Pron.Subst.: hence neut. is folld. by gen., κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιος
Hdt. 1.84
; εἰς τοῦθ' ὕβρεως ἐλήλυθεν
D. 4.37
; εἰς τοῦθ' ἥκεις μανίας
Id. 36.48
; ταῦτα τῶν μαθημάτων
Pl. Euthd. 278b
: but quite as freq. asAdj., in which case itsSubst.commonly takes the Art.,οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρorὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος.—But the Art. is absent,
, Od. 1.406 , etc.: sts. also in Trag., A. Pers. 122 (lyr.), 495 , S. Ph. 406 , OC 471 , 1177 : once in an Inscr.,τοπεῖα: τούτων τὰ ἡμίσεα τοπείων
IG 22.1622.135
(iv B. C.).
2. sts. when the Noun is so specified that the Art. is not needed, ἐς γῆν ταύτην . . , ἥντινα νῦν Σκύθαι νέμονται
Hdt. 4.8
; ταύτας ἃς οἱ πατέρες παρέδοσαν μελέτας
Th. 1.85
, cf. Pl. R. 449d , etc.; πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος, ὃν θρηνεῖς ἀεί
S. El. 530
.
3. whenοὗτοςis used in local sense,here,v.infr. c. 1.5 .
4. when the Noun with whichοὗτοςagrees stands as its Predicate, αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασις
S. Ph. 1034
;δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀρετή [ἐστι] Pl. Ap. 18a : this exception extends to cases in which the Predicate is not so distinctly separated from the Subject,αἰτίαι μὲν αὗται προυγεγένηντο thesewere the grievances which already existed, Th. 1.66 ;ταύτην φήμην παρέδοσαν thiswas the report which . . , Pl. Phlb. 16c : freq. with a Sup. ,κίνησις αὕτη μεγίστη δὴ . . ἐγένετο thiswas notably the greatest movement which . . , Th. 1.1 , cf. 3.113 : with πρῶτος
Id. 1.55
, 98 , 6.31 , Ev.Luc. 2.2 .
5. when3rd pers.is used for2ndto express contempt,οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὑτοσὶ ἀνήρ, Pl. Grg. 467b , 489b , etc.
II. thoughοὗτοςusu. agrees with the Noun that serves as Predicate, it is not rare to find it in the neut., μανία δὲ καὶ τοῦτ' ἐστί
E. Ba. 305
; τοῦτο γάρ εἰσι . . εὔθυναι
D. 19.82
, etc.: and in pl., οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα ἀρχή
Aeschin. 3.13
; ταῦτ' ἐστὶν ὁ προδότης
Id. 2.166
: so with an explanatory clause added, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συκοφάντης, αἰτιᾶσθαι μὲν πάντα ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδέν
D. 57.34
.
2. so also with a Noun in apposition, τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή
Od. 1.159
; τούτου τιμῶμαι, ἐν πρυτανείῳ σιτήσεως
Pl. Ap. 36e
, cf. E. Fr. 323.3 , etc.
3. the neut. also may refer to a masc. or fem. Noun,καρπὸν φορέει κυάμῳ ἴσον:τοῦτο ἐπεὰν γένηται πέπον κτλ. Hdt. 4.23 , cf. X. An. 1.5.10 , etc.
4. the neut. is also used of classes of persons,μελιτοπῶλαι καὶ τυροπῶλαι: τοῦτο δ' εἰς ἕν ἐστι συγκεκυφός
Ar. Eq. 854
, cf. Pl. Lg. 711a ; or of an abstract fact, οὐκ Ἰοφῶν ζῇ;—τοῦτο γάρ τοι καὶ μόνον ἔτ' ἐστὶ λοιπὸν ἀγαθόν
Ar. Ra. 73
.
III. with Prons.,
1. personal,οὗτος σύ, in local sense,v.infr. c. 1.5 .
2. interrog.,τί τοῦτ' ἔλεξας; what isthis that . . ?
, cf. Or. 804 ;αὐτὸ τοῦτο, v. αὐτός 1.7;τοῦτον τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα thissame man, S. Ph. 128 .
b. exceptionally, Διφίλου οὗτος ὅδ' ἐστὶ τύπος
IG 12(5).300
(Paros).
6. ἄλλος τις οὗτος ἀνέστηanother manhere, Od. 20.380 .
IV. with Numerals,τέθνηκε ταῦτα τρία ἔτη thesethree years, Lys. 7.10c odd.; [στρατείαν] ἑνδέκατον μῆνα τουτονὶ ποιεῖταιfortheseeleven months, D. 8.2 , cf. 3.4 ; τριακοστὴν ταύτην ἡμέραν
Men. Epit. 27
; ταύτας τριάκοντα μνᾶς
D. 27.23
, cf. Pl. Grg. 463b , etc.
C. SIGNIFICATION AND SPECIAL IDIOMS:
I. this, to designatethe nearer, opp.ἐκεῖνος,that, the more remote,ταῦτα, like τὰ ἐνταῦθα ,things round and about us, earthly things, Pl. Phd. 75e (v. l.); cf.ὅδεinit.: butοὗτοςsts. indicates that which is not really nearest, but most important,δεῖ . . τὸ βέλτιστον ἀεί, μὴ τὸ ῥᾷστον λέγειν:ἐπὶ ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ βαδιεῖται, ἐπὶ τοῦτο δὲ κτλ. D. 8.72 , cf. 51.3 and 18 .
2. when, of two things, one precedes and the other follows,ὅδεprop. refers to what follows,οὗτοςto what precedes, οὐκ ἔστι σοι ταῦτ', ἀλλά σοι τάδ' ἔστι
S. OC 787
, cf.ὅδεIII. 2 : freq., however, where there are not two things,οὗτοςrefers to what follows, Il. 13.377 , Od. 2.306 , etc.;οὔκουν . . τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι. . ; A. Pr. 379 , etc.
3. οὗτοςis used emphat., generally in contempt, whileἐκεῖνοςdenotes praise,ὁ πάντ' ἄναλκις οὗτος, i.e. Aegisthus, S. El. 301 ; τούτους τοὺς συκοφάντας
Pl. Cri. 45a
; so D. de Coron. usesοὗτοςof Aeschines,ἐκεῖνοςof Philip; butοὗτοςis used of Philip, D. 2.15 , 4.3 .
b. of what is familiar,τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνας, of the Persians, X. An. 1.5.8 ; οἱ τὰς τελετὰς . . οὗτοι καταστήσαντες
4. in Att. law-language,οὗτοςis commonly applied tothe opponent, whether plaintiff (as in Aeschin. 2.130 ) or defendant (as in Id. 1.1 ); so, in the political speeches of D. ,οὗτοιarethe opposite party, 4.1 , 8.7 , etc.; but in the forensic speeches,οὗτοιfreq. meansthe judges, the court, 21.134 , 36.47 .
5. muchlikeanAdv., in local sense (cf.ὅδεinit.),τίς δ' οὗτος κατὰ νῆας . . ἔρχεαι; who art thouherethat comest . . ? Il. 10.82 ; freq. in Att. ,τίς οὑτοσί; who's thishere?
Ar. Ach. 1048 ;πολλὰ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβαταI see many sheephere, X. An. 3.5.9 (as v.l.): with Pron. of 2 pers.,οὗτος σύ hoyou! youthere!
S. OT 532 , 1121 , E. Hec. 1280 , etc.: and thenοὗτοςalonelikea voc.,οὗτος, τί ποιεῖς; A. Supp. 911 ,cf. S. Aj. 71 , E. Alc. 773 , Ar. Eq. 240 , Nu. 220 , al.: with a pr. n., ὦ οὗτος, Αἴας
S. Aj. 89
; ὦ οὗτος οὗτος, Οἰδίπους
Id. OC 1627
, cf. Ar. V. 1364 : with voc., βέντισθ' οὗτος
Theoc. 5.76
:—the fem. is rarer, αὕτη
E. Med. 922
; αὕτη σύ
Ar. Th. 610
.—This phrase mostly implies anger, impatience, or scorn.
II. simply as antec. toὅς, Od. 2.40 , S. OT 1180 , etc.: freq. following relat. clause, ἅ γ' ἔλαβες, . . μεθεῖναι ταῦτα
Id. Ph. 1247
, cf. 1319 , Ant. 183 , 203 , Pl. Grg. 469c .
III.
= τοιοῦτος, οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτι
Pi. O. 4.26 ; σὺ τοίνυν οὗτος εὑρέθης
D. 18.282
, cf. 173 .
IV. after a parenthesis, the Subject, though already named, is freq. emphat. repeated by οὗτος, οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης . . , οὐδὲ οὗτος προσωτέρω . . ἔφησε ἀπικέσθαι
Hdt. 4.16
, cf. 81 (s. v. l.), 1.146 , Pl. Phd. 107d , etc.
V. καὶ οὗτοςis added to heighten the force of a previous word, ξυνεστῶτες . . ναυτικῷ ἀγῶνι, καὶ τούτῳ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους
Th. 4.55
, cf. Hdt. 1.147 , 6.11 , etc.; so οὐδὲ τούτου
Aeschin. 2.100
;v.infr. VIII. 2 .
VI. repeated, where for the second we should merely sayheorit, τοῖσιν τούτου τοῦτον μέλεσιν . . κελαδοῦντες
, Ar. V. 1358 , etc.;αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἥκω, ἵνα. . Pl. Prt. 310e :τοῦτοis rare in this sense, τοῦτ' ἀφικόμην, ὅπως . . εὖ πράξαιμί τι
S. OT 1005
;αὐτὸ γὰρ τοῦτο just because of this, Pl. Smp. 204a .
b. πρὸς ταῦτα so then, therefore, prop. used in indignant defiance, A. Pr. 992 , 1043 , S. Aj. 971 , 1115 , 1313 , OT 426 , OC 455 , etc.
2. καὶ ταῦτα, adding a circumstance heightening the force of what has been said,and that, ἄνδρα γενναῖον θανεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικός
A. Eu. 627
: but mostly with apart., ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας ἄστυ . . , καὶ ταῦθ' ὑφ' ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἐξειδὼς πλέον
S. OT 37
, cf. Ar. Ra. 704 , Pl. Phdr. 241e , etc.; or with apart.omitted,ἥτις . . τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος(sc.οὖσα) S. El. 614 ; so καὶ ταῦτα μέντοι
Pl. Erx. 400b
.
b. καὶ ταῦτα anyhow, no matter what happens(orhappened),ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ ταῦταyou tried, but were no goodanyhow, i.e. try as you might, Id. R. 341c , cf. Diod.Com. 3.5 .
3. τοῦτο μέν . . , τοῦτο δέ. .on the one hand . . , on the other . . , partly . . , partly. . , very freq. in Hdt. , as 1.161 , al.;τοῦτο μένis sts. answered byδέonly, 4.76 , S. Aj. 670 , OC 440 ; byδὲ αὖ, Hdt. 7.176 ; byἔπειτα δέ, S. Ant. 61 ; byἀλλά, D. 22.13 ; byεἶτα, S. Ph. 1345 ; byτοῦτ' αὖθις, Id. Ant. 165 .
4. dat. fem.ταύτῃ,
a. on this spot, here,ταύτῃ μὲν . . , τῇδε δ' αὖ. . Id. Ph. 1331 ; ἀλλ' ἐὰν ταύτῃ γε νικᾷ, ταυτῃὶ πεπλήξεται
Ar. Eq. 271
, cf. Th. 1221 .
b. in this point, herein, μηδὲν ταύτῃ γε κομήσῃς
Id. Pl. 572
, cf. X. Hier. 7.12 , etc.
c. in this way, thus, A. Pr. 191 , S. OC 1300 , etc.; οὐ . . ταῦτ' ἐστί πω ταύτῃ
Ar. Eq. 843
; ἀλλ' οὔτι ταύτῃ ταῦτα
E. Med. 365
, cf. A. Pr. 511 : antec. toὥσπερ, Pl. R. 330c ; toὅπῃ, X. Cyr. 8.3.2 ; οὕτω τε καὶ ταύτῃ γίγνοιτο
Pl. Lg. 681d
;καὶ οὕτω καὶ ταύτῃ ἂν ἔχοιib. 714d ;ταύτῃ καλεῖσθαι, etc., like οὕτω κ. , Sch. Pl. Smp. 215b .
