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σύμβολον,τό,
A. tally, i.e.each of two halvesorcorresponding piecesof anἀστράγαλοςor other object, which twoξένοι, or any two contracting parties, broke between them, each party keeping one piece, in order to have proof of the identity of the presenter of the other, ἀποδεικνύντες τὰ ς. ἀπαίτεον τὰ χρήματα
Hdt. 6.86
. β́; ξένοις τε πέμψω σύμβολ', οἳ δράσουσί ς' εὖ
E. Med. 613
(cf. Sch.);διαπεπρισμένα ἡμίσε' ἀκριβῶς ὡσπερεὶ τὰ ς. Eub. 70 ;ὡς ς. ὀρέγεται ἀλλήλων [τὰ ἐναντία] Arist. EE 1239b31 ;ζητεῖ . . τὸ αὑτοῦ ἕκαστος ς. Pl. Smp. 191d ; καθάπερ ἐκ συμβόλων
Arist. Mete. 360a26
, cf. GA 722b11 , Pol. 1294a35 ;ἔχειν σύμβολα πρὸς ἄλληλα complementary factors, Id. GC 331a24 ;ποιησάσθω σύμβολα ἡ βουλὴ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα τὸν Σιδωνίων, ὅπως ἂν ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων εἰδῇ, ἐάν τι πέμπῃ κτλ. IG 22.141.19 .
b. of other devices having the same purpose, e.g. a seal-impression on wax, Plaut. Pseud. 55 (henceς.= signet-ring, Plin. HN 33.10 ); an extant bronze hand is inscribed ς. πρὸς Οὐελαυνίους
IG 14.2432
(Gaul), cf. 279 (Lilybaeum,ii B.C., where the word does not occur).
Close Browse lexicon entries 2. anytoken serving as proof of identity, ἔλαβε ς. παρὰ βασιλέως τοῦ μεγάλου φιάλην χρυσῆν
;πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν . . εὐπορήσειν διὰ τὸ ς. ibid.;ὡς ἔγνω . . τὰ παρὰ τῆς γυναικὸς ς. X. Cyr. 6.1.46 ;τὰ μητρὸς ς. E. Ion 1386 , cf. Hel. 291 , El. 577 , Com.Adesp. 17.16
D. , D.S. 4.59 , Plu. Thes. 6 ;ἰδοὺ τὰ ς. here are mycredentials, Arr. Epict. 1.16.11 , cf. 3.22.99 , 4.8.20 ;ἔχοντες ς. σαφὲς λύπηςbearing clearcredentials(consisting) of (a common) grief, S. Ph. 403 , cf. Aristid. 1.416
3. guarantee, ς. τῆς παιδεύσεως πιστότατον
; ς. ὅτι παρ' ἐμοῦ [ἡ ἐπιστολή] ἐστι
, cf. 363b ; ς. τῆς σωτηρίας
; ς. τοῦ συμφέροντος εἰς τὸ μὴ βλάπτειν ἀλλήλους
4. token, esp. of goodwill, χρυσίον ς. φιλίας καὶ ξενίας
, cf. Art. 18 ; χρυσοῦν στέφανον ἔλαβον ς. περιέχοντα τῆς ὑμετέρας πρός με εὐσεβείας
5. identity-tokengiven to Athenian dicasts on entering the courts, entitling them to vote, and on presenting which they received anotherς., in exchange for which they received their fee, Ar. Pl. 278 , D. 18.210 , Arist. Ath. 65.2 , 68.2 , Poll. 8.16 ; also in the ecclesia, Ar. Ec. 297 (lyr.);διάδοσις τῶν ς. IG 2.1749.76 : extanttheatre-tokens(without the wordς.) in IG 5(2).323 (Mantinea,iv B.C.).
6. at Rome,= tessera, tokenentitling the bearer to a donation of corn or money, D.C. 49.43 .
II. of written documents,
1. passportor thesealthereon, Ar. Av. 1214 (cf. Sch.);ἐκπλεῖν μηδένα ἀστῶν μηδὲ μέτοικον ἄνευ ς. Aen.Tact. 10.8 : metaph., Arr. Epict. 3.12.15 .
2. passenger-list,ἐμοῦ [τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ] τοὺς νεκροὺς ἀπαριθμοῦντος τῷ Αἰακῷ κἀκείνου λογιζομένου αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὸ . . πεμφθὲν αὐτῷ ς. Luc. Cat. 4 .
3. pl.,treatybetween two states providing for the security of one another's citizens and sts. for the settlement of commercial and other disputes (usu. in the law-courts of the defendant's city (cf. Harp. s.v.)); εἰσὶ . . αὐτοῖς συνθῆκαι περὶ τῶν εἰσαγωγίμων καὶ ς. περὶ τοῦ μὴ ἀδικεῖν
; ς. ποιήσασθαι πρὸς πόλιν
, cf. And. 4.18 ; τὰ ς. συγχέων
;ἀπὸ συμβόλων δικάζεσθαι, κοινωνεῖν, Antipho 5.78 , Arist. Pol. 1275a10 ; αἱ ἀπὸ συμβόλων δίκαι
: sg. in same sense,Foed. Delph.Pell.
A 7 (also writtenσυββ-ib. 1
B 10 , al.); ἡ κατὰ τὸ ς. δικαιοδοσία πρός τινα
, cf. 32.7.3 ;κατὰ τὸ ς. IG 12(7).67.48 (Arcesine,iv/iii B.C.), 9(1).331.5 (Chaleion,ii B.C.);κατὰ τὸ δοχθὲν κοινᾷ ς. GDI 5040.70 (Crete).
4. contractbetween individuals, PCair.Zen. 724.7 , 13 , 790.2
(ii B.C.);αἰσχρὰ κακοῖς ἔργοις ς. θηκάμενοιforming disgracefulcompacts(sealed) by evil deeds, Thgn. 1150 ; τὰ τῷ Καίσαρι πεπραγμένα κυροῦν συμβόλῳ
5. receipt, sts. made out in duplicate, ς. διπλᾶ ἐσφραγισμένα
(iii B.C.), cf. PRev.Laws 52.19
(iii B.C.), UPZ 25.25 , 26.16
(ii B.C.); τὸ ς. τῆς ἀποχῆς
(iii B.C.); σύμβολον ποιήσασθαι πρὸς αὐτόν
(iii B.C.), cf. PHib. 1.67.16
(iii B.C.); ς. καὶ ἀντισύμβολα
(i B.C.);receipt for a pledged article, PCair. Zen.
b. fee for making out a receipt,
6. unilateral undertakingin writing,guarantee,
(iii B.C.), PMich.Zen. 57.4
7. warrantentitling the holder to draw allowances over a period, τοῦ κθ́ ἔτους τὸ ς. τοῦ ὀψωνίου καὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς σύνταξον γράψαι
(iii B.C.);ς. σιτικὰ καὶ ἀργυρικά(bequeathed) PGrenf. 1.21.16
(ii B.C.);σφράγισαι τὸ ς. PCair.Zen. 375.11
(iii B.C.), cf. PSI 4.349.2 , 7
(ii B.C.); τὰ ς. τῶν σιταρχιῶν
8. warrantorcommissionfrom the Emperor, by which officers held their posts, Cod.Just. 1.5.12.1 , 11 ;ς. τριβούνουib. 12.33.8
III. more generally,token,φυλάσσω λαμπάδος τὸ ς. the beacon-token, A. Ag. 8 ;τέκμαρ τοιοῦτο ς. τέ σοι λέγωib. 315 ;μανθάνω τὸ ς. E. Or. 1130 , cf. Rh. 220 ;clue, S. OT 221 ;χειμῶνος ς. asignof an approaching storm, Anaxag. 19 , Sch. Arat. 832 ; νόμισμα ς. τῆς ἀλλαγῆς ἕνεκα γενήσεται
; ἔστι τὰ ἐν τῇ φωνῇ τῶν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ παθημάτων ς., καὶ τὰ γραφόμενα τῶν ἐν τῇ φωνῇ
, cf. 24b2 , Sens. 437a15 ;τὰ τεχνητὰ τῶν ς. Plu. Per. 6 ;νίκης ς. Ἰσθμιάδος, of the celery-wreath,
Call. Fr. 103 ;τὰ τῶν στρατοπέδων ς. legionarystandards, Hdn. 4.7.7 ;insigniaof deities, D.H. 8.38 ; τῆς βασιλείας
3 ;εἰράνας ς. καὶ πολέμον, of a trumpet, AP 6.151 ( Tymn. ).
2. omen, portent, Archil. 44 , A. Ag. 144 (lyr.); ς. δ' οὔ πώ τις ἐπιχθονίων πιστὸν ἀμφὶ πράξιος ἐσσομένας εὗρεν θεόθεν
(cf. Sch.);οἱ διὰ συμβόλων . . προλέγοντεςdistd. from other kinds ofμάντεις, Gal. 15.442 ; περὶ οἰωνῶν καὶ ς. καὶ διοσημιῶν
Gloss. ;ἐν τοῖς λικμητηρίοις γεννώμενα τὰ βρέφη ἐτίθεσαν εἰς ς. εὐτροφίαςSch. Arat. 268 .
3. Medic.,symptom, Gal. 19.217 , Aret. CD 1.4 , al.
4. prearranged signal, ἐπιχειρήσεως
5. secret code, τὰ μυστικὰ ς. τῶν περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον ὀργιασμῶν, ἃ σύνισμεν ἀλλήλοις οἱ κοινωνοῦντες
, cf. Orph. Fr. 31.23 ; consisting of asignumand aresponsum, Firm.
18 ;τὰ ς. [πυθαγόρου] Arist. Fr. 197 , Plu. 2.727c ;περὶ Πυθαγορικῶν ς., title of a work by Androcydes, Iamb. VP 28.145 ;secret sign,γράψαι τι ς. ἐν πίνακι, . . μαθεῖν τὸν θέντα τὸ ς. ib. 33.238 , cf. 23.103 , 32.227 , Luc. Laps. 5 ;allegory, Chrysipp.Stoic. 2.256 , 257 , Demetr. Eloc. 243 ; διὰ συμβόλων μηνύειν
, cf. 1.681 , al., Dam. Pr. 210 .
6. religious creed,τὸ ἅγιον μάθημα ἤτοι ς. Cod.Just. 1.1.7.11 , cf. 13 .
IV. pl.,standard weights,
V. asmall coin, perh. a half-obol, shaped D, Hermipp. 61 , Ar. Fr. 44 , Archipp. 8 : henceσύμβολον κεκαρμένος with half the head shaved, Hermipp. 14 .
References Hdt. 6.86 E. Med. 613 Eub. 70 Arist. EE 1239b31 Pl. Smp. 191d Arist. Mete. 360a26 GA 722b11 Pol. 1294a35 Id. GC 331a24 IG 22.141.19 Plaut. Pseud. 55 Plin. HN 33.10 IG 14.2432 279 Lys. 19.25 X. Cyr. 6.1.46 E. Ion 1386 Hel. 291 El. 577 Com.Adesp. 17.16 D. D.S. 4.59 Plu. Thes. 6 Arr. Epict. 1.16.11 3.22.99 4.8.20 S. Ph. 403 Aristid. 1.416 J. Isoc. 4.49 Pl. Ep. 360a 363b D. 15.4 Epicur. Sent. 31 Plu. Pyrrh. 20 Art. 18 PLond. 3.1178.13 Ar. Pl. 278 D. 18.210 Arist. Ath. 65.2 68.2 Poll. 8.16 Ar. Ec. 297 IG 2.1749.76 IG 5(2).323 D.C. 49.43 Ar. Av. 1214 Aen.Tact. 10.8 Arr. Epict. 3.12.15 Luc. Cat. 4 Harp. Arist. Pol. 1280a39 D. 7.11 And. 4.18 D. 21.173 Antipho 5.78 Arist. Pol. 1275a10 Id. Ath. 59.6 111 1 A 7 B 10 Plb. 23.1.2 32.7.3 IG 12(7).67.48 9(1).331.5 GDI 5040.70 PCair.Zen. 724.7 13 790.2 PTeb. 5.212 52.10 Thgn. 1150 App. BC 2.132 PSI 4.324.4 PRev.Laws 52.19 UPZ 25.25 26.16 PCair.Zen. 144.2 PEnteux. 73.4 PLille 4.18 PHib. 1.67.16 BGU 1741.10 120.3 PRyl. 192.10 BGU 1605.13 PPetr. 3p.164 PMich.Zen. 57.4 UPZ 112 ii 1 PSI 5.504.8 PGrenf. 1.21.16 PCair.Zen. 375.11 PSI 4.349.2 7 UPZ 14.89 BGU 1755.5 Cod.Just. 1.5.12.1 11 12.33.8 A. Ag. 8 Liddell–Scott–Jones — CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0
Liddell-Scott-Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940), public domain text. Unicode conversion by Giuseppe G. A. Celano, gcelano/LSJ_GreekUnicode, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Source via Perseus Project, Tufts University.
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