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γράμμα, ατος, τό,
Doric dialect γράθμα, probably in [[ “IG” 4.506 (Heraeum, 6th-5th c.BC),compare “Anecdota Graeca - MSS. Bibl. Oxon.” 1.102] Refs 6th c.BC+], but γράσσμα, [[ “IG” 4.554 (Argos, 5th c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: late Aeolic dialect plural γρόππατα, [[ “epigram Gr.” 990.11 (from Balbilla)] Refs]: (γράφω):— that which is drawn: plural, lines of a drawing, picture, etc., [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1146 (of tapestry), 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 15.81 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; picture, Ἀπέλλεω γ. [[ 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 4.73, compare “Anthologia Graeca” 6.352 (from Erinna)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]: singular, drawing, picture, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 472d, “Cra.” 430e, compare 431c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: plural, figures in a picture, [[ 5th-6th c.AD: Procopius Gazaeus Rhetor “ἔκφρασις ὡρολογίου” p.157B. ] Refs 5th c.AD+]
__II written character, letter, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.139, 148, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: in plural, letters, characters, γραμμάτων τε συνθέσεις [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 460; πηλίκοις γ. NT.Gal.6.11 ] NT+4th c.BC+]; the letters, the alphabet, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.58; τὰ γ. καὶ τὰς συλλαβάς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 390e; γ. Φοινίκια 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 514 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Ἀσσύρια, Ἑλληνικά, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.87; γράμματα ἐπίστασθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 689d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μαθεῖν to have learnt to read, [[ [prev. author] “Prt.” 325e; γ. μὴ εἰδέναι “SIG” 2844.6 ] Refs]; ἐδίδασκες γράμματα, ἐγὼ δ᾽ ἐφοίτων you kept school—I went there, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.265; ἤτοι τέθνηκεν ἢ διδάσκει γ. “Comica Adespota” 20; παιδεύειν γράμματα 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1337b24 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; τέχνη ἡμῶν γ. our profession is that of the scribe, [[ PTeb. 316.16 (1st c.AD). ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __II.b articulate sound, letter, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 18c; τὰ γ. πάθη ἐστὶ τῆς φωνῆς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 895a12 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; γράμματα φθέγγεσθαι[[ [prev. work] 8, compare “PA” 660a5. ] Refs]
__II.c παρὰ γράμμα λέγοντα.. σκοπεῖν etymologically, [[ [prev. author] “MM” 1185b39 ] Refs]; τὰ παρὰ γ. σκώμματα puns, [[ [prev. author] “Rh.” 1412a28 ] Refs]; but ἀρετὴν παρὰ γ. διώκοντες, with reference to Νικαρέτη, the mistress of Stilpo, [[ 4th c.BC: Crates Thebanus Poeta Philosophus 1. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.d inscription, τὸ Δελφικὸν γ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 229e, compare “Chrm.” 164d, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.2.24, etc., “IG” 2.2876, +others: proverbial, εἰς πέλαγος.. γράμματα γράψαι “epigram Gr.” 1038.8 (from Attalia). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 in plural, notes in music, [[“Anthologia Graeca” 11.78 (1st c.AD: Lucillius Epigrammaticus). ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__II.3 mathematical diagram, epigram cited in [[ 3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 8.12. ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__II.4 letter inscribed on the lots which the δικασταί drew, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 277, +others, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 64.4 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; practically, = division of dicasts, ἐν ὁποίῳ γ. δειπνεῖ [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 683 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἁ κατὰ γράμμα φυλακά the roster of guards, [[ “SIG” 569.21 (Cos, 3rd c.BC). ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__II.4.b quarters of a town, [[ “PRein.” 49.2 ] Refs]; accent, [[ EM 240.42, 12th c.AD: Zonaras Legal icographus ] Refs]
__II.5 a small weight, 1/24 ounce, scruple, [[ 1st c.AD: Andromachus Poeta Medicus cited in 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 13.114, “Geoponica” 7.13.2, “PLips.” 62 ii 27 (4th c.AD). ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__III in plural, set of written characters, piece of writing, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.124 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: hence, letter, [[ [prev. author] 5.14, “IG” 22.103.8, etc.; γραμμάτων πτυχαί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 144, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 594, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 347c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; inscription, epitaph, etc., ἐκόλαψε ἐς τὸν τάφον γράμματα λέγοντα τάδε [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.187, compare 4.91, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 3.12, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 18.47, “IG” 3.751. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.2 papers, documents, [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.30, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 36.21, etc. (_sing._, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 65.14)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τούτων τὰ γ. the documents to prove this, [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 32.14; τὰ γ. τῆς δίκης 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 772 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ δημόσια γ. the public records, Decrees cited in [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.55 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; title-deeds, [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 65.14 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; account of loans, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 49.59; ἐπικαρπίαν ἐν γράμμασιν ἀποφέρειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 955d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; contract or estimate, [[ “BCH” 46.323 (from Teos)] Refs]; catalogue, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.4.12 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: in singular, bond, [[ NT.Luke.16.7 ] NT]; note of hand, [[ 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 18.6.3. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__III.3 a man's writings, i.e. book, treatise, τὰ τοῦ Ζήνωνος γ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Parmenides” 127c (but _sing._, [prev. work] 128a)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: plural, books, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.2.1; Πλάτωνος τὸ περὶ ψυχῆς γ. 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Epigrammata” 25, compare “Anthologia Graeca” 9.63 (3rd c.BC: Asclepiades Epigrammaticus), 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 18(2).928] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ ἱερὰ γ. the Holy [[ “Scriptures”, “OGI” 56.36 (3rd c.BC), 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 2.574, NT.2Tim.3.15, 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “contra Apionem” 1.10 ] NT+3rd c.BC+]; ἱερὰ γ., = Imperial rescripts, [[ Inscriptiones Graecae 12(5).132 (Paros, 3rd c.AD)] Refs 3rd c.AD+]; = hieroglyphics, [[ “OGI” 90.54 (Rosetta, 2nd c.BC)] Refs 2nd c.BC+]: in singular, the [[ “Law” of 2nd c.AD(?): Moses Alchemista, NT.Rom.2.27, +others] NT+2nd c.AD+]; opposed to πνεῦμα, [[[prev. work]29: _sing._, ] Refs]article of a treaty, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.29. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.4 laws or rules, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 425b, “Plt.” 292a, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 1050 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατὰ γράμματα ἄρχειν, opposed to ἄνευ γραμμάτων, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 293a; ἡ κατὰ γ. καὶ νόμους πολιτεία 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1286a15, compare 1272a38: οἱ κατὰ γ. νόμοι, opposed to οἱ κατὰ τὰ ἔθη, [prev. work] 1287b5, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 299d; κατὰ γράμματα ἰατρεύεσθαι 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1287a34; ἡ ἐκ τῶν γ. θεραπεία [prev. work] 40. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV in plural, also, letters, learning, ἀπείρους γραμμάτων [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 26d, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
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STEPBible TFLSJ (Translators Formatted full LSJ Bible lexicon), CC BY 4.0, Tyndale House. Greek lexical entries from the full Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon, formatted by Tyndale House Cambridge for biblical study.
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