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δέ,
but: adversative and copulative Particle,
__I answering to μέν (which see), τὴν νῦν μὲν Βοιωτίαν, πρότερον δὲ Καδμηίδα γῆν καλουμένην [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.12, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II without preceding μέν,
__II.1 adversative, expressing distinct opposition, αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ᾽ ἐστὶ φίλα.. μαντεύεσθαι, ἐσθλὸν δ᾽ οὔτε τί πω εἶπας[[ lines 1.108; ὀρθῶς ἔλεξας, οὐ φίλως δέ μοι λέγεις 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 100, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 85, etc.; τέθνηκεν ἀνδρὸς οὐδενός, θεοῦ δ᾽ ὕπο [prev. author] “Ph.” 334 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Prose, οὐκ ἐπὶ κακῷ, ἐλευθερώσει δέ.. [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.86; οἱ αἰχμάλωτοι.. ᾤχοντο εἰς Δεκέλειαν, οἱ δ᾽ εἰς Μέγαρα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.2.14, compare “Cyr.” 4.5.46; ἡ δ᾽ ἑτέρα “IG” 2.652 A 45. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 copulative,
__II.2.a in explanatory clauses, ξυνέβησαν.. τὰ μακρὰ τείχη ἑλεῖν (ἦν δὲ σταδίων μάλιστα ὀκτώ) [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.66, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.48 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: when a substantive is followed by words in apposition, Ἀρισταγόρῃ τῷ Μιλησίῳ, δούλῳ δὲ ἡμετέρῳ [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.8. β; μήτηρ βασιλέως βασίλεια δ᾽ ἐμή 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 152 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in answers, διπλᾶ λέγειν. —Answ. διπλᾶδ᾽ ὁρᾶν [[ [prev. author] “Th.” 974. ] Refs]
Close Browse lexicon entries __II.2.b in enumerations or transitions, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.43 - 49, 345 - 351, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.1, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; with repetition of a word in different relations, ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβησεν.., θάμβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.483; σάκος εἷλε.., εἵλετο δ᾽ ἔγχος 14.9 {δε}; Ζεύς ἐστιν αἰθήρ, Ζεὺς δὲ γῆ, Ζεὺς δ᾽ οὐρανός 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 70; κινεῖκραδίαν, κινεῖδὲ χόλον 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 99; ὄζει ἴων, ὄζει δὲ ῥόδων, ὄζει δ᾽ ὑακίνθου 5th c.BC: Hermippus Comicus 82.8 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; in rhetorical outbursts, οὐκ ἂν εὐθέως εἴποιεν· τὸν δὲ βάσκανον, τὸν δὲ ὄλεθρον, τοῦτον δὲ ὑβρίζειν,—ἀναπνεῖν δέ. [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.209 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; in a climax, πᾶν γύναιον καὶ παιδίον καὶ θηρίον δέ nay even beast, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 171e, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.2.37 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; in the combination καὶ δέ [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.80, +others, καὶ.. δέ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 973, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 1117, etc., each particle retains its force. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.2.c answering to τε (which see), ἃ τῶν τε ἀποβαινόντων ἕνεκα ἄξια κεκτῆσθαι, πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτὰ αὑτῶν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 367c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3 implying causal connexion, less direct than γάρ, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.160, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.433. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.4 in questions, with implied opposition, ἑόρακας δ᾽, ἔφη, τὴν γυναῖκ; [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.1.4; καὶ ὁ Σωκράτης, εἰπέ μοι, ἔφη, κύνας δὲ τρέφει; [prev. author] “Mem.” 2.9.2, compare 2.1.26, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1172: in Trag. (not in Comedy texts or Oratt.), when the speaker turns from one person to another, the _vocative_ stands first, then the _person_ _pronoun_ followed by δέ, as Μενέλαε, σοὶ δὲ τάδε λέγω.. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 622, etc.; also in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, ὦ δέσποτα, ἐγὼ δὲ ταῦτα ἐποίησα 1.115. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.4.b τί δ; what then? to mark a transition in dialogue; see at {τίς}.
__II.1 after hypothetical clauses, εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they will not give it, then I.., [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.137, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.54; εἰ μηδὲ τοῦτο βούλει ἀποκρίνασθαι, σὺ δὲ τοὐντεῦθεν λέγε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.5.21, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 3.43 (variant), 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1060, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.1, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.1.b after temporal or relative clauses, with ἐπεί, ἕως, etc., [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.255, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.70, etc.; μέχρι.. εἶχον τὰ βέλη, οἱ δὲ ἀντεῖχον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.98 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; with demonstrative Pronouns or adverbs answering to a preceding relative, οἵηπερ φύλλων γενεή, τοίη δὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.146, etc.; ἆθλα οἷς κεῖται ἀρετῆς μέγιστα, τοῖς δὲ καὶ ἄνδρες ἄριστοι πολιτεύουσιν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.46; τοὺς δ᾽ ἔλαβε τυράννους.. τούτους δὲ.. ἐξεδίδου 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.37, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.98, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 194d; οἷα μὲν ἕκαστα ἐμοὶ φαίνεται τοιαῦτα μὲν ἔστιν ἐμοί, οἷα δὲ σοί, τοιαῦτα δὲ αὖ σοί [prev. author] “Tht.” 152a ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: sometimes after a participle, οἰόμενοι.. τιμῆς τεύξεσθαι, ἀντὶ δὲ τούτων οὐδ᾽ ὅμοιοι.. ἐσόμεθα [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.6.16, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.71 (variant). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 to resume after an interruption or parenthesis, χρόνου δὲ ἐπιγινομένου καὶ κατεστραμμένων σχεδὸν πάντων..,—κατεστραμμένων δὲ τούτων.. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.28, 29; νῦν δ᾽ αὖ πάλιν ὑπό τε πλούτου διαθρυπτόμενος.. καὶ ὑπ᾽ ἀνθρώπων.. ὑπὸ τοιούτων δέ.. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.23 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; with an anacoluthon, ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ἄρα,—οἷ ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ.. τῇ ἐμῇ ψυχῇ ἰτέον, αὕτη δὲ δή.. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 80d: for δ᾽ οὖν, see at {οὖν}. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3 to begin a story, ἦμος δ᾽ ἠέλιος.. well, when the sun.., [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.400. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.4 to introduce a proof, τεκμήριον δέ, σημεῖον δέ, (see entry).
__B POSITION of δέ. It usually stands second: hence frequently between Article and substantive or preposition and case; but also after substantive, or words forming a connected notion, hence it may stand third, γυναῖκα πιστὴν δ᾽ ἐν δόμοις εὕροι [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 606, compare “Th.” 411, “Eu.” 531, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 959, etc.; fourth, [prev. author] “OT” 485, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 688, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 323, 383, etc.; fifth, [prev. work] 401 codices; even sixth, Epigen. 7 (codices 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Prose after a negative, οὐχ ὑπ᾽ ἐραστοῦ δέ, to avoid confusion between οὐ δέ and οὐδέ, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 227c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
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STEPBible TFLSJ (Translators Formatted full LSJ Bible lexicon), CC BY 4.0, Tyndale House. Greek lexical entries from the full Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon, formatted by Tyndale House Cambridge for biblical study.
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