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δή,
properly a temporal Particle (compare ἤδη), at this or that point: hence, now, then, already, or at length:
__I in Epic dialect (rarely Lyric poetry) sometimes at the beginning of a sentence or clause, Τεῦκρε πέπον, δὴ νῶϊν ἀπέκτατο πιστὸς ἑταῖρος [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.437; δὴ πάμπαν ἀποίχεαι ἀνδρὸς ἑῆος 19.342; δὴ γὰρ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν 13.122; δὴ τότε, δή ῥα τότε, 1.476, 13.719, +others,compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 3.25, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 214 (Lyric poetry): but usually second (or nearly so)] Refs 8th c.BC+], frequently with Numerals and temporal Particles, ὀκτὼ δὴ προέηκα.. ὀϊστούς [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.297 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασι.. ἐνιαυτοί full nine years, [[ 2.134 ] Refs]; ἕκτον δὲ δὴ τόδ᾽ ἦμαρ this is just the sixth day, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 39, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.107, etc.: also after _adverbs_ of Time, πολλάκι δή] Refs 8th c.BC+] many a time and oft, often ere now,[[ 19.85; ὀψὲ δὲ δή 7.94; τρὶς δή 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 9.91 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πάλαι δή, Latin jamdudum, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 806 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; νῦν δή just now, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 923 (frequently written νυνδή, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 145b, etc.); νῦν τε καὶ ἄλλοτε δή [prev. work] 187d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; now at length, [[ [prev. author] “R.” 353a, etc.] Refs]; τότε δή at that very time, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.49, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα this very instant, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 338b, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὕστερον δή yet later, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.17: frequently with temporal Conjunctions, ἐπεὶ δή (written ἐπειδή, which see), etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __II without temporal significance, as a Particle of emphasis, in fact, of course, certainly, ναὶ δή, ἦ δή, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.286, 518, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὐ δή surely not, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 246, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1069, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δῆλα δή, see at {δῆλος}; with Verbs, δὴ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.488; νῦν δὲ ὁρᾶτε δή 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.2.12; καὶ ἴστε δὴ οἷος.. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 21a: less frequently with Substantives, σοφιστὴν δή τοι ὀνομάζουσι τὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι] Refs 8th c.BC+] they call the man a sophist as you know, [[ [prev. author] “Prt.” 311e: with Conjunctions, ἵνα δή, ὡς δή, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.207, 5.24, etc.; ὅπως δή 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.85 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; γὰρ δή for manifestly, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 874, 891, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 156c; οὐ γὰρ δή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 265: hence with a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]participle representing Conjunction and Verb, ἅτε δὴ ἐόντες since they evidently are, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.90 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but ὡς φόνον νίζουσα δή as though she were.., [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1338, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.66, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.4.4, etc.; and so, ironically, ὡς δή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.110, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1315, “Eq.” 693, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 342c, +others; frequently with σύ, ὡς δὴ σύ μοι τύραννος Ἀργείων ἔσῃ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1633, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 809, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 235, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; also ἵνα δή.. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 420e, “Men.” 86d; ὅτι δή.. [prev. author] “Phdr.” 268d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also εἰσήγαγε τὰς ἑταιρίδας δή the pretended courtesans, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.4.6, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1181, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.67, 6.80. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 frequently placed immediately after Pronouns, ἐμὲ δή me of all persons, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.155 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; σὺ δή you of all persons, [[ [prev. author] 1.115, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1226 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὗτος δή this and no other, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.43; ὑμεῖς δὲ κεῖνοι δὴ οἵ.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1091 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὗτος δὴ ὁ Σωκράτης, ironically, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 166a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ λεγόμενον δὴ τοῦτο as the well-known saying goes, [[ [prev. author] “Grg.” 514e, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 962 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δή τις some one you know of, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 108c, +others: with possess. Pronouns, τὸ σὸν δὴ τοῦτο 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 221b, compare “Grg.” 5c8 d, etc.: with relatives, ὃς δὴ νῦν κρατέει 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.315; τὰ δὴ καὶ ἐγένετο 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.22 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἷος δὴ σύ just such as thou, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.376, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.32, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 995, etc.; ὅσα δή 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1, etc.: with _adjectives_, οἴη δή, μοῦνος δή, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.69, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.25; ἐν πολλῇ δὴ ἀπορίᾳ ἦσαν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.1.2: frequently with Superlatives, μάχη ἐγένετο πλείστου δὴ χρόνου μεγίστη δὴ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.74; ἁπάντων δὴ ἄλγιστον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 992, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__III to mark a transition, with or without inference, so, then, νίκη μὲν δὴ φαίνετ᾽.. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.457; τὴν μὲν δὴ τυραννίδα οὕτω ἔσχον 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.14; τοῦτο δὴ τὸ ἄγος οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἐκέλευον ἐλαύνειν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.127. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__IV with Indef. Particles, see at {δήποθεν, δήποτε, δήπω, δήπουθεν}: with interrogatives, τοῦ δὴ ἕνεκ; [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 457e; τί δὲ δή..; [prev. author] “Phd.” 58c ] Refs 5th c.BC+] (simply τί δ; what then? R.[[ 357d)] Refs]; πότερα δ; [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1235 (and with _adverbs_, ποῖ δὴ καὶ πόθε; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phdr.” ] Refs 5th c.BC+][near the start]; ποῦ δ; πῇ δ;[[ [prev. work] 228e, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.339, etc.): with Indef. Pronouns, δή strengthens the _indefinite_ notion, ἄλλοισιν δὴ ταῦτ᾽ ἐπιτέλλεο] Refs 8th c.BC+] others be they who they may, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.295 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μηδεὶς δή no one at all, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 170e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δή τις some one or other, [[ [prev. author] “R.” 498a (_plural_), etc. (rarely τις δή 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 946)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; the neuter δή τι is common, ἦ ἄρα δή τι ἐΐσκομεν ἄξιον εἶνα; in any way, whatever it be, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.446; τὸ ἱππικόν, τῷ δή τι καὶ ἐπεῖχε ἐλλάμψεσθαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.80; οὕτω δή τι [prev. author] 3.108, etc.; θεῶν ὅτεῳ δή ] Refs 8th c.BC+]whosoever it be, [[ [prev. author] 1.86 ] Refs]; ἐπὶ μισθῷ ὅσῳ δή, Latin quantocumque, [[[prev. work] 160 ] Refs], etc.; οἵα δή γε.. [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 632, compare “Supp.” 162; but θαυμαστὰ δὴ ὅσα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 220b; ὡς δή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.24, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; so almost, ={ἤδη, ἀναπέτομαι δὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον} [[ 6th c.BC: Anacreon Lyricus 24; καὶ δὴ φίλον τις ἔκταν᾽ ἀγνοίας ὕπο 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 499; ἤκουσα δή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 823; πάθη μὲν οὖν δὴ πόλλ᾽ ἔγωγ᾽ ἐκλαυσάμην [prev. author] “Tr.” 153; οἶσθα μὲν δή [prev. work] 627 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; so καὶ δή already, in fact, frequently not at the beginning of the sentence, κεῖται καὶ δὴ πάνθ᾽ ἅπερ εἶπας [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 514, compare “Nu.” 906, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.83; but καὶ δή σφε λείπω 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 507. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV.2 to continue a narrative, frequently after μέν, then, so, τότε μὲν δὴ.. ἡσυχίην εἶχε [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.11; Σόλων μὲν δὴ ἔνεμε [prev. work] 32; τὸν μὲν δὴ πέμπει [prev. work] 116; alone, εἷς δὴ τούτων.. ?? one of these.., [prev. work] 114, etc.: frequently in summing up, τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα,] Refs 5th c.BC+] Latin haec hactenus, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 500, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.14, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.4; τούτων δὴ ἕνεκα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.2.28, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; in summing up numbers, γίγνονται δὴ οὗτοι χίλιοι these then amount to [[ 1, 000, [prev. work] 1.5.5 ] Refs]; in resuming after a parenthesis, Ἀνδρομάχη, θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος Ἠετίωνος.., τοῦ περ δὴ θυγάτηρ [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.395; οὗτος δὴ.., ὁ μὲν δή 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.43. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__IV.2.b with imperative and subjunctive, μὴ δὴ.. ἐπιέλπεο [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.545, compare 5.684, etc.; χωρῶμεν δὴ πάντες 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1469 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐννοεῖτε γὰρ δή for do but consider, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.3.5 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄγε δή, φέρε δή, ἴθι δή, σκόπει δή, λέγε δή, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Sophista” 235a, “Phd.” 63b, “Sph.” 224c, “Phd.” 80a, “Prt.” 312c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV.3 to express what follows a fortiori, καὶ μετὰ ὅπλων γε δή above all with arms, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.78 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μή τί γε δή not to mention, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.23; εἰ δὲ δὴ πόλεμος ἥξει [prev. author] 1.27. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__IV.4 καὶ δή and what is more, adding an emphatic statement, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.161, 15.251, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.67, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 13.4; in Prose, frequently καὶ δὴ καί.., ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἀπίκετο.., καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐς Σάρδις 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.30, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; καὶ δὴ καὶ νῦν τί φῄ; and now what do you say? [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 187c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν παρόντα yes, and actually here present, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 31 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially in a series, ὑγίεια καὶ ἰσχὺς καὶ κάλλος καὶ πλοῦτος δή and of course riches, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 87e, compare “Tht.” 159c, “R.” 367d; εἴτ᾽.. εἴτ᾽.. εἴτεδή [prev. work] 493d. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV.4.b καὶ δή is also used in answers, ἦ καὶ παρέστη κἀπὶ τέρμ᾽ ἀφίκετ; Answ. καὶ δὴ 'πὶ δισσαῖς ἦν.. πύλαις yes, he was even so far as.., [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 49 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; βλέψον κάτω. Answ. καὶ δὴ βλέπω well, I am looking, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 175, compare “Pax” 327, “Pl.” 227f, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 317f, 1436, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρόσθιγέ νύν μου. Answ. ψαύω καὶ δή [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 173 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; without καί, ἀποκρίνου περὶ ὧν ἂν ἐρωτῶ. Answ. ἐρώτα δή [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 157d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐρώτα. Answ. ἐρωτῶ δή [[ [prev. author] “Grg.” 448b. ] Refs]
__IV.4.c in assumptions or suppositions, καὶ δὴ δέδεγμαι and now suppose I have accepted, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 894, compare “Ch.” 565, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 386, “Hel.” 1059, not found in 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, once in 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1224. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV.5 δή in apodosi, after εἰ or ἐάν, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.898, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.108, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 524e, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; after ὅτε, ἡνίκα, even then, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 170f, “El.” 954 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; after ἐπεί, ἐπειδάν, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.14, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 435e, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; after ὡς, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.4; ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτα ἐβουλεύοντο, καὶ δὴ ὁ βασιλεύς.. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]already, [[ [prev. author] “An.” 1.10.10. ] Refs]
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