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δοκέω
[[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.192, _Attic dialect_ ] Refs 8th c.BC+]imperfect ἐδόκουν, Epic dialect δοκέεσκον [[ “Anthologia Graeca” 5.298 (6th c.AD: Agathias Historicus et Epigrammaticus)] Refs 6th c.AD+]: —middle, δοκέοντο [[ 3rd c.AD: Oppianus Apamensis Epicus “Cynegetica” 4.296 ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]: participle δοκεύμενος[[ [prev. work] 109 ] Refs]: the future and other tenses are twofold:
__1 future δόξω and aorist 1 ἔδοξα [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 4.37, “hymnus ad Mercurium” 208, etc.: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]perfect δέδοχα inferred from pluperfect ἐδεδόχεσαν [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 44.26 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]:—passive, aorist ἐδόχθην [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 21.10.8, etc., (κατ-) 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.2.2 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect δέδογμαι [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.100, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: pluperfect ἐδέδοκτο [[ [prev. author] 9.74. ] Refs]
__2 regular forms (chiefly Trag., Comedy texts, and late Prose), future δοκήσω [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 388, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 562, etc. (once in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, 4.74)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Doric dialect δοκησῶ or -ᾱσῶ[[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 1.150: ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]aorist ἐδόκησα, Epic dialect δόκ- [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.415, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.56, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1041, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1485, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]: perfect δεδόκηκα [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 309 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 4th c.BC+]:— passive, aorist ἐδοκήθην [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1417 (_anapaest meter_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect δεδόκημαι [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 5.19, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 763 (_anapaest meter_), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 726, also in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.16 ] Refs 5th c.BC+].; but δεδοκημένος (which see) belongs to δέχομαι.
__I expect (Iterat. of δέκομαι,[[compare δέχομαι 11.3)] Refs]: hence, think, suppose, imagine, (opposed to φρονέω, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 942 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Pherecrates Comicus 146.4): ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.1 with accusative et infinitive, δοκέω νικησέμεν Ἕκτορα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.192; οὔ σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.8, compare 11, 27, +others, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.4.5, etc.: rarely with ] Refs 8th c.BC+]infinitive omitted, δοκῶ.. οὐδὲν ῥῆμα.. κακὸν [εἶναι] [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 61 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τούτους τι δοκεῖτε [εἶναι] [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.7.26 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently in relating a dream or vision, τεκεῖν δράκοντ᾽ ἔδοξεν she thought a serpent produced young, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 527 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐδόκουν αἰετὸν.. φέρειν methought an eagle was carrying, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 15; ὁρᾷς γὰρ οὐδὲν ὧν δοκεῖς σάφ᾽ εἰδέναι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 259: with ] Refs 5th c.BC+]infinitive only, ἔδοξ᾽ ἰδεῖν methought I saw,[[ [prev. work] 408; ἔδοξ᾽ ἀκοῦσαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 315e; ἔδοξ᾽ ἐν ὕπνῳ.. οἰκεῖν ἐν Ἄργει 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 44 ] Refs 5th c.BC+] (sometimes also, as in signification [[ 11, ἐδοξάτην μοι δύο γυναῖκε.. μολεῖν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 181; ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ.. μέ τις ἐδόκει στεφανοῦν 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 272.4). ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__I.1.b think to do, purpose, ὅταν δ᾽ ἀείδειν.. δοκῶ [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 16. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__I.2 absolutely, have or form an opinion, περί τινος [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.65 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; mostly in parenthetic phrases, ὡς δοκῶ [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 264e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δοκῶ alone, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.65, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 47, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Parmenides” 126b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πῶς δοκεῖ; to call attention to something remarked, τοῦτον, πῶς δοκεῖ; καθύβρισεν [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 446, compare “Hec.” 1160, 4th-3rd c.BC: Diphilus Comicus 96, etc.; πόσον δοκεῖ; 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 399. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.3 δοκῶ μοι I seem to myself, methinks, with infinitive, ἐγώ μοι δοκέω κατανοέειν τοῦτο [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.93, etc.; ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαί τινος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.25, compare “Oec.” 6.11 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὔ μοι δοκῶ I think not.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 158e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δοκῶ μοι parenthetic, [[ [prev. author] “Thg.” 121d. ] Refs]
__I.3.b δοκῶ μοι I am determined, resolved, with infinitive present, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 177, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with infinitive future, [[ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.53, etc.] Refs 4th c.BC+]: with infinitive aorist, uncertain in [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 671, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely without μοι, think fit, σὺ δ᾽ αὐτὸς ἤδη γνῶθι τίνα πέμπειν δοκεῖς [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 650. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__I.4 seem, pretend, with infinitive (with or without negative), ὁρέων μὲν οὐδέν, δοκέων δὲ [ὁρᾶν] uncertain reading in [[ 7th c.BC: Alcman Lyricus 87; οὔτε ἔδοξε μαθέειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.10; οὐδὲ γιγνώσκειν δοκῶν 5th c.BC: Pherecrates Comicus 163; τὰ μὲν ποιεῖν, τὰ δὲ δοκεῖν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1314a39; ἤκουσά του λέγοντος, οὐ δοκῶν κλύειν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 67; πόσους δοκεῖς.. ὁρῶντας.. μὴ δοκεῖν ὁρᾶ; [prev. author] “Hipp.” 462, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1146, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.5.6. ] Refs 7th c.BC+]
__I.5 passive, to be considered, δοκεῖσθαι οὕτω [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 612d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ νῦν δοκούμενα περί τινος the current opinions, [[[prev. work] 490a. ] Refs]
__I.6 middle, [[ 3rd c.AD: Oppianus Apamensis Epicus “Cynegetica” 4.296; δοκεύμενος.. ἀλύξειν [prev. work] 109. ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__II of an Object, seem, with dative person et infinitive present, δοκέεις δέ μοι οὐκ ἀπινύσσειν [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.342 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; δόκησε δ᾽ ἄρα σφίσι θυμὸς ὣς ἔμεν ὡς εἰ.. their heart seemed just as if.., felt as though.., [[ 10.415: with ] Refs]infinitive future, seem likely, δοκέει δέ μοι ὧδε λώϊον ἔσσεσθαι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.338 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: with infinitive aorist (never in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus), τί δ᾽ ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (i.e. ποιῆσαι); 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 935 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; seem or be thought to have done, especially of suspected persons, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.21 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; to be convicted, ἂν ἁλῷ καὶ δοκῇ τοὔργον εἰργάσθαι [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 23.71. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.2 absolutely, seem, as opposed to to reality, τὸ δοκεῖν καὶ τὰν ἀλάθειαν βιᾶται [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 76; οὐ δοκεῖν ἄριστος ἀλλ᾽ εἶναι θέλει 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 592, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 527b; in full, τὸ δοκεῖν εἶναι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 788 (_anapaest meter_). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3 seem good, be resolved on, εἰ δοκεῖ σοι ταῦτα[[ [prev. work] 944; τοιαῦτ᾽ ἔδοξε τῷδε Καδμείων τέλει [prev. author] “Th.” 1030. ] Refs]
__II.4 frequently impersonal, δοκεῖ μοι it seems to me, methinks, ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.215 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ as I think, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 369, etc.] Refs 4th c.BC+]; τὸ σοὶ δοκοῦν your opinion, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 487d: frequently in ] Refs 5th c.BC+]infinitive in parenthesis clause, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκέειν to my thinking, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.113; δοκέειν ἐμοί [prev. author] 1.172; ἀλλ᾽, ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, τάχ᾽ εἴσει 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 246, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; without μοι, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.5.1. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.4.b it seems good to me, it is my pleasure, δοκεῖ ἡμῖν χρῆσθαι [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.118, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1350 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: frequently of a public resolution, τοῖσι Ἕλλησι δόξαι.. ἀπαιτέειν [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.3, etc.; ἔδοξεν Ἀργείοισιν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 605, compare “Th.” 1010 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially in decrees and the like, ἔδοξε τῇ βουλῇ, τῷ δήμῳ, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 372, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.118, compare “IG” 1.32, etc.; τὰ δόξαντα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 29, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.14; παρὰ τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.84, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, δέδοκται [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.68; οὕτω δέδοκτα; 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1277, etc.; εἰ ἐπαινῆσαι δεδόκηται 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 5.19; δεδόχθω τὸ ἄτοπον τοῦτο 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 799e, etc.; τοῦτ᾽ ἐστ᾽ ἐμοὶ δεδογμένον 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 1; δεδογμέν᾽ [ἐστί].. τήνδε κατθανεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 576, compare “OC” 1431; τὰ δεδογμένα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.76; δεδόχθαι τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δήμῳ “IG” 22.1.12, etc. with _accusative_ _absolutely_, δόξαν] Refs 5th c.BC+] when it was decreed or resolved, δόξαν αὐτοῖς ὥστε διαναυμαχεῖν [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.79 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δόξαν δέ σφι (i.e. λιπέσθαι) [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.148; δόξαν ἡμῖν ταῦτα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 314c, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.1.13 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἰδίᾳ δοκῆσάν σοι τόδ᾽..; [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 129; also δεδογμένον αὐτοῖς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.125, etc.; but also δόξαντος τούτου 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.1.36; δόξαντα ταῦτα καὶ περανθέντα [prev. work] 3.2.19. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.5 to be reputed, with infinitive, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.56, “P.” 6.40; ἄξιοι ὑμῖν δοκοῦντες 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.76 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δοκοῦντες εἶναί τι men who are held to be something, men of repute, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 472a; τὸ δοκεῖν τινὲς εἶναι.. προσειληφότες 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.213; τὸ φρονεῖν ἐδόκει τις εἶναι περιττός 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Aristides” 1; οἱ δοκοῦντες 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 28 (uncertain), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 295 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ δοκοῦντα, opposed to τὰ μηδὲν ὄντα, [[ [prev. author] “Tr.” 613; μετ᾽ ἀρετῆς δοκούσης ἐς ἀλλήλους γίγνεσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.10 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; to be an established, current opinion, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Posteriora” 76b24, +others; τὰ δοκοῦντα [prev. author] “Metaphorical” 1088a16, +others:] Refs 4th c.BC+] — passive, οἱ δεδογμένοι ἀνδροφόνοι those who have been found guilty of homicide, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 23.28; also αἱ δοκούμεναι Πέρσαις τέχναι 1st-2nd c.AD: Polemo Sophista “Callimachus” 60. (The two senses of δοκέω are sometimes contrasted, τὰ ἀεὶ δοκοῦντα.. τῷ δοκοῦντι εἶναι ἀληθῆ] Refs 4th c.BC+] that which seems true is true to him who thinks it, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 158e; τὸ δοκοῦν ἑκάστῳ τοῦτο καὶ εἶναι τῷ δοκοῦντι [prev. work] 162c.) ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
