conjunction, both temporal and causal; also ἐπειδή, ἐπείτε. OF TIME (ἐπειδή is more frequently in this sense in Prose), after that, since, when, from [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus downwards: ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__I with Ind.,
__I.1 of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly with aorist, ἐπεί π᾽ εὔξαντο after they had prayed, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.458; ἐπειδὴ ἐτελεύτησε Δαρεῖος καὶ κατέστη Ἀρταξέρξης ] Refs 8th c.BC+]after [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator had died and 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus had succeeded, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.1.3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely with imperfect, ἐπειδὴ εἱστιώμεθ᾽ [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1354; ἐ. πόντον εἰσεβάλλομεν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 260; ἐ. ἠσθένει Δαρεῖος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.1.1: with ] Refs 5th c.BC+]pluperfect, ἐπειδὴ ἐξηπάτησθε.. after you had been deceived.., [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.42 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; but generally the aorist is found, the pluperfect being used only for special emphasis: with imperfect to express an action not yet complete, ἐπεὶ ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ φάλαγξ καὶ ἡ σάλπιγξ ἐφθέγξατο after the phalanx began to advance and the trumpet had sounded, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.5.27. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.2 with implied reference to some later time, ἐ. or ἐπειδή, ={ἐξ οὗ}, from the time when, since, mostly with aorist, πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐ. ἔπερσε [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.2 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπείτε παρέλαβον τὸν θρόνον, τοῦτο ἐφρόντιζον ever since I came to the throne, I had this in mind, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.8. ; ἐπειδήπερ ὑπέστη 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.68; δέκατον μὲν ἔτος τόδ᾽ ἐ... ἦραν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 40: sometimes with ] Refs 5th c.BC+]present (used in perfect sense) and perfect, ἐ. δὲ φροῦδός ἐστι στρατός since the army is gone, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 15 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπείτε ὑπὸ τῷ Πέρσῃ εἰσί, πεπόνθασι τοιόνδε ever since they have been, now that they are.., [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.117. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II with Subj., ἄν being always added in Attic dialect Prose, and ἄν or κε generally in Poetry: ἐπεί with ἄν becomes ἐπήν (so in Comedy texts, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 1175, “Av.” 983), later ἐπάν (which see)] Refs 5th c.BC+], Ionic dialect ἐπεάν [[ “Schwyzer” 800 (6th c.BC), 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.153, +others, ἐπήν 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀγμῶν” 6, +others, and ἐπειδή with ἄν ἐπειδάν (which see); 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus has ἐπεί κε, ἐπήν (once ἐπεὶ ἄν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.412): ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.1 referring to future time with future apodosis, τέκνα ἄξομεν.. ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν when we shall have taken the city, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.238; ἐ. κ᾽ ἀπὸ λαὸς ὄληται 11.764. compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.23; ἐπεάν περ ἡμίονοι τέκωσι, τότε τὸ τεῖχος ἁλώσεσθαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.153 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ταῦτ᾽, ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότ᾽ ἐρῶ I will speak of this, when I have spoken.., [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.16, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.3.29; ἐ. ἂν σύ γε πότμον ἐπίσπῃς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.412 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; χρὴ δέ, ὅταν μὲν τιθῆσθε τοὺς νόμους,.. σκοπεῖν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ θῆσθε, φυλάττειν whenever you are enacting your laws,.. and after you have enacted them.., [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.34. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.2 of repeated action, with a present apodosis, whenever, when once, δαμνᾷ, ἐ. κε λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.221, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.409 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπειδὰν ἡ ἐκφορὰ ᾖ.. ἄγουσι whenever the burial takes place they bring, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.34 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπειδὰν κρύψωσι γῇ.. λέγει when they have covered them with earth, [[[prev. passage]: sometimes without ἄν or ] Refs]κε in Poets, ἐ. ἂρ βλέφαρ᾽ ἀμφικαλύψῃ [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.86; ἐ. δὴ τόν γε δαμάσσεται.. ὀϊστός 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.478, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1225 (Lyric poetry), “Ant.” 1025. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.3 like [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 1.2, δέκα ἡμερῶν ἐπειδὰν δόξῃ] Refs 4th c.BC+] within ten days from the passing of the resolution, [[ “IG” 12.88.7. ] Refs]
__III with Opt. (without ἄν):
__III.1 referring to future time, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι, ὁρᾶν οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἓν δύνασθαι (i.e. οὐκ οἴει); after he had come into the light.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 516a: 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus sometimes uses ἐπήν with _optative_ in same sense as ἐπεί, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.227, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.105 (codices), etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__III.2 more frequently of repeated action, with a past apodosis, ἐ. ζεύξειεν.., δησάσκετο [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.14; ἐπειδὴ δέ τι ἐμφάγοιεν, ἀνίσταντο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.5.9; ἐ. πύθοιτο, ἐπῄνει [prev. author] “Cyr.” 5.3.55, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.38, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 59d, “Prt.” 315b. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__III.3 in indirect speech after past tenses, representing a subjunctive in direct speech, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπεὶ διαβαίης, ἀπιέναι ἔφησθα (the direct form being ἐπὴν διαβῶ) [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.2.27, compare 3.5.18, “Cyr.” 1.4.21 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; after optative in a final clause, ἐπορεύοντο, ὅπως ἐπειδὴ γένοιντο ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ.. ἴοιεν [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.80. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__V.2 with emphatic Particles, ἐπεὶ ἄρα when then, in continuing a narrative, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.426 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπεὶ οὖν when then, in resuming a narrative, [[ 1.57, 3.4; ἐπεὶ ὦν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.9; ἐπεὶ γὰρ δή [prev. author] 9.90, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B CAUSAL (ἐπεί more frequently in this sense in early Prose: ἐπειδή whereas is used in preambles of decrees, [[ “IG” 22.103, etc.; ἐπειδήπερ ] Refs]inasmuch as, NT.Luke.1.1), since, seeing that, frequently from [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus downwards: ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.4 in elliptical expressions, ἀδύνατός [εἰμι], ἐ. ἐβουλόμην ἂν οἷός τ᾽ εἶναι I am unable (and yet I am sorry), for I should like to have the power, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 335c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so εἶμι· ἐ. καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἂν ἴσως οὐκ ἀηδῶς σου ἤκουον [[[prev. passage] (here the sense may be given by ] Refs]and yet, although, compare [[[prev. work] 333c, 317a, “Ap.” 19e, “Smp.” 187a, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1121a19)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐ. ὅ γε ἀποθανὼν πελάτης τις ἦν ἐμός and yet (moreover) the murdered man was my own hired man, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 4c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.4.b sometimes after a vocative, where 'listen' may be supplied, Ἕκτορ, ἐ. με κατ᾽ αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.59, compare 13.68, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.103, 211. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
