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κύκλος, ὁ
(Doric dialect ἁ, see below 11.11), also with irregular plural κύκλα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad”, etc., see below 11.1, 3, 9, 111.1 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—ring, circle, ὅπποτέ μιν δόλιον περὶ κύκλον ἄγωσιν, of the circle which hunters draw round their game, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.792 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. δέκα χάλκεοι (concentric) circles of brass on a round shield, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.33, compare 20.280 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; but ἀσπίδος κύκλον λέγω the round shield itself, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 489, compare 496, 591. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__2 Adverbial usages, κύκλῳ in a circle or ring, round about, κ. ἁπάντῃ [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.278; κ. πάντῃ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.1.2; πανταχῇ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.9; τὸ κ. πέδον 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).46; κ. περιάγειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.180; λίμνη.. ἐργασμένη εὖ κ. [prev. author] 2.170; τρέχειν κ. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 662; περιέπλεον αὐτοὺς κ. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.84; οἱ κ. βασιλεῖς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.23 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡ κ. περιφορά, κίνησις, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 747a, 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor Aphr. “in Top.” 218.3: frequently with περί] Refs 5th c.BC+] or words compounded there with, round about, κ. πέριξ [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 368, 418; περιστῆναι κ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.43; βωμὸν κ. περιστῆναι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 379; ἀμφιχανὼν κ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 118 (Lyric poetry); περιστεφῆ κ. [prev. author] “El.” 895; περισταδὸν κ. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 1137; κ. περιϊέναι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 72b, etc.; τοῦ φλοιοῦ περιαιρεθέντος κ. 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 4.15.1 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so κ. περὶ αὐτήν round about it, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.185; περὶ τὰ δώματα κ. [prev. author] 2.62 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also κύκλῳ with accusative, without περί, ἐπιστήσαντες κ. σῆμα [[ [prev. author] 4.72; πάντα τὸν τόπον τοῦτον κ. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.4: with _genitive_, κ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.5; τὰ κ. τῆς Ἀττικῆς 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.96, compare “PFay.” 110.7 (1st c.AD)] Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.: metaphorically, around or from all sides, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 241, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κεντουμένη κύκλῳ ἡ ψυχή all over, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 251d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ κ. the circumstances, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1367b29, “EN” 1117b2 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἡ κ. ἀπόδειξις, of arguing in a circle, [[ [prev. author] “APo.” 72b17, compare “APr.” 57b18: with Preps., ἐν κ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 723, “Ph.” 356, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 653, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 432, etc.; ἅπαντες ἐν κ. [prev. author] “Eq.” 170, “Pl.” 679: with _genitive_, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 926, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.74; κατὰ κύκλον 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 17.13. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.1 wheel, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.340; in which sense the irregular _plural_ κύκλα is mostly used, 5.722, 18.375 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τοὺς λίθους ἀνατιθεῖσι ἐπὶ τὰ κύκλα on the janker, [[ Inscriptiones Graecae 12.350.47. ] Refs]
__II.2 trencher, [[ “SIG” 57.32 (Milet., 5th c.BC), “Abh.Berl.Akad.” 1928(6).29 (from Cos), 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 6.84. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3 place of assembly, of the ἀγορά, ἱερὸς κ. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.504; ὁ κ. τοῦ Ζηνὸς τὠγοραίου “Schwyzer” 701 B 6 (Erythrae, 5th c.BC)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀγορᾶς κ. (compare κυκλόεις) [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 919 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of the amphitheatre, [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 72.19. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__II.3.b crowd of people standing round, ring or circle of people, κ. τυραννικός [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 749 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κύκλα χαλκέων ὅπλων, i.e. of armed men, uncertain in [[ [prev. author] “fragment” 210.9, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.41: _absolutely_, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 1089, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.7.2 (both _plural_), 4th-3rd c.BC: Diphilus Comicus 55.3. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3.c place in the ἀγορά where domestic utensils were sold, [[ 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 99. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__II.4 vault of the sky, ὁ κ. τοῦ οὐρανοῦ [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.131, LXX.1Esd.4.34; πυραυγέα κ. αἰθέρος “Hymni Homerici” 8.6, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1147; ὁ ἄνω κ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 815; ἐς βάθος κύκλου 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1715; νυκτὸς αἰανὴς κ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 672 ] LXX+5th c.BC+]; γαλαξίας κ. the milky way, [[ “Placita Philosophorum” 2.7.1, +others, 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 4.159; also ὁ τοῦ γάλακτος κ. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 345a25; πολιοῖο γάλακτος κ. 4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 511. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.4.b μέγιστος κ. great circle, [[ 4th c.BC: Autolycus Astronomus “Sph.” 2, +others; μ. κ. τῶν ἐν τῇ σφαίρᾳ 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ σφαίρας καὶ κυλίνδρου” 1.30, compare 1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 5.70 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. ἰσημερινός, θερινός, etc., [[ 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 1.27; χειμερινός 1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 5.7, 2nd c.AD: Cleomedes Astronomus 1.2 ] Refs 1st c.BC+]; ἀρκτικός, ἀνταρκτικός, [[ 1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 5.2, 9; ὁ κ. ὁ τῶν ζῳδίων 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 343a24 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὁ ὁρίζων κ. the horizon, [[ [prev. author] “Cael.” 297b34 ] Refs]; παράλληλοι κ., of parallels of latitude, [[ 4th c.BC: Autolycus Astronomus “Sph.” 1 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: in plural, the zones, [[ Stoic. 2.196. ] Refs]
__II.5 orb, disk of the sun and moon, ἡλίου κ. [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 91, “Pers.” 504, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 416; πανσέληνος κ. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1155 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μὴ οὐ πλήρεος ἐόντος τοῦ κύκλου (i.e. τῆς σελήνης) [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.106 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: in plural, the heavenly bodies, [[ Inscriptiones Graecae 14.2012 A 9 (Sulp. 1st c.BC(?): Maximus Astrologus). ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__II.6 circle or wall round a city, especially round Athens, ὁ Ἀθηνέων κ. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.98, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.13, etc.; οὐχὶ τὸν κ. τοῦ Πειραιῶς, οὐδὲ τοῦ ἄστεως 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.300. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.6.b circular fort, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.99, +others ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.7 round shield, see entry [near the start]
__II.8 in plural, eye-balls, eyes, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1270, “Ph.” 1354; ὀμμάτων κ. [prev. author] “Ant.” 974 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely in singular, eye, ὁ αἰὲν ὁρῶν κ. Διός [[ [prev. author] “OC” 704 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs]
__II.9 οἱ κ. τοῦ προσώπου cheeks, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ νούσων” 2.50; κύκλα παρειῆς 4th-5th c.AD(?): Nonnus Epicus “Dionysiaca” 33.190, 37.412 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but κύκλος μαζοῦ, poetry for μαζός, is falsa lectio in [[ 3rd-4th c.AD: Tryphiodorus Epicus 34. ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__II.10 κ. ἐλαίης an olive wreath, [[ 5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Argonautica” 325 (_plural_). ] Refs 5th c.AD+]
__II.11 cycle or collection of legends or poems, κύκλον ἱστορημέναν ὑπὲρ Κρήτας [[ “GDI” 5187.9 (from Crete)] Refs]; especially of the Epic cycle, ὁ ἐπικὸς κ. [[ 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 7.277e, 5th c.AD: Proclus Philosophus cited in 9th c.AD: Photius Legal icographus, etc. “Bibliotheca - Patrologia Graeca” p.319 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1417a15 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of the corpus of legends compiled by Dionysius Scytobrachion, [[ 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 11.481e, cf. Scholia 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.120 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. ἐπιγραμμάτων Suid. see at {Ἀγαθίας};[[compare κυκλικός 11. ] Refs]
__III circular motion, orbit of the heavenly bodies, κύκλον ἰέναι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 38d; οὐρανὸς.. μιᾷ περιαγωγῇ καὶ κύκλῳ συναναχορεύει τούτοις 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Mundo” 391b18 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; revolution of the seasons, ἐνιαυτοῦ κ. [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1645, “Ph.” 477 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸν ἐνιαύσιον κ. the yearly cycle,[[ [prev. work] 544; ἑπτὰ.. ἐτῶν κ. [prev. author] “Hel.” 112 ] Refs]; μυρία κύκλα ζώειν, i.e. years, [[ Anthologia Graeca 7.575 (6th c.AD: Leontius Epigrammaticus): hence κ. τῶν ἀνθρωπηΐων ἐστὶ πρηγμάτων] Refs 6th c.AD+] human affairs revolve in cycles, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.207; φασὶ.. κύκλον εἶναι τὰ ἀνθρώπινα πράγματα 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 223b24, +others; κ. κακῶν 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 44.29 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κύκλου ἐξέπταν, i.e. from the cycle of rebirths, [[ 5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Fragmenta” 32c. 6. ] Refs 5th c.AD+]
__III.b ἐν τοῖς κ. εἶναι to be in train, of an affair, [[ “PEleph.” 14.24 (3rd c.BC). ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__III.2 circular dance (compare κύκλιος), χωρεῖτε νῦν ἱερὸν ἀνὰ κ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 445, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 148.9, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 449 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.3 in Rhet., a rounded period, περιόδου κύκλος [[ 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Compositione Verborum” 19, compare 22, 23. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__III.3.b period which begins and ends with the same word, [[ 2nd c.AD: Hermogenes Rhetor “περὶ εὑρέσεως” 4.8. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__III.4 in Metre, a kind of anapaest, variant for{κυκλικός} in [[ 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Compositione Verborum” 17. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__IV sphere, globe, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 898a. [ῠ by nature, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 416, “Aj.” 672, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+], but frequently long by position in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus and Trag.] ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
