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ἥλιος, ὁ,
Epic dialect ἠέλιος, as always in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+] (except in the late passage [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.271) and 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus, compare 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ τροφῆς” 42 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: Doric dialect ἀέλιος [ᾱ] [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.144, 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Hymnus in Cererem” 92, “Lav.Pall.” 89, and Lyric poetry in Trag., 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 809, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 175, +others] Refs 5th c.BC+], but ἅλιος [ᾱ], [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 96, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 395 (ᾰέλιος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 835)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: Cretan dialect ἀβέλιος (i.e. ἀϝ-), [[ 5th c.AD(?): Hesychius Legal icographus ] Refs 5th c.AD+]: Aeolic dialect ἀέλιος [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 79(= “Oxy.” 1787 “fragment” 1.25), “Supp.” 25.7] Refs 7th c.BC+]; ἄλιος [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 69 (assuming variant): 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus ] Refs 7th c.BC+] ἀέλιος (or ἁ-) [[ “IG” 5(2).4.12 (Tegea, 4th c.BC)] Refs 4th c.BC+]:— sun, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.421, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὁρᾶν φάος ἠελίοιο to see the light of life, live, [[ 18.61 ] Refs], etc.; ὑπ᾽ ἠελίῳ τε καὶ οὐρανῷ ἀστερόεντι ναιετάουσι [[ 4.44; γυνὴ.. ἀρίστη τῶν ὑφ᾽ ἡλίῳ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 151; οὐκέτ᾽ ἔστιν ὑφ᾽ ἁλίῳ [prev. work] 395 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ὑπὸ ἡλίου ἑωρᾶσθαι [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.102; οἱ ὑπὸ τοῦτον τὸν ἥλιον ἄνθρωποι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.270; τριῶν τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν ἥ. μεγίστων ἡγεμονιῶν 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Lucullus” 30: proverbial, οὐδ᾽ ὁ ἥ. εἴσεται 3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 7.21 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὥσπερ σελήνη γ᾽ ἡλίῳ (i.e. ὅμοιος) a pale reflection, [[ “Comica Adespota” 5.15D. ] Refs]
__2 to determine the cardinal points, πρὸς ἠῶ τ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε towards the [[ “East”, opposed to πρὸς ζόφον: εἴτ᾽ ἐπὶ δεξί᾽ ἴωσι πρὸς ἠῶ τ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε, εἴτ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερὰ τοί γε ποτὶ ζόφον ἠερόεντα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.239, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.26; ὅσοι ναίουσι πρὸς ἠῶ τ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε, ἠδ᾽ ὅσσοι μετόπισθε ποτὶ ζόφον 13.240 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πρὸς ἠῶ τε καὶ ἡλίου ἀνατολάς, opposed to πρὸς ἑσπέρην, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.58; τὰ πρὸς ἠῶ τε καὶ ἥλιον ἀνατέλλοντα [prev. author] 4.40 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἀπὸ ἡλίου ἀνατολέων Αἰθίοπες the eastern.. , [[ [prev. author] 7.70. ] Refs]
__3 day, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 424 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; a day, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.37, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ τροφῆς” 42, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 652 (_plural_), Ps.- 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Philopatr.” 4,26, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; later, year, [[ 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 10.1. ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__4 sunshine, sun's heat, ἐπὶ τοῖς ὄρεσιν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 116e; ἥ. πολύς 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Nav.” 35, compare “Herm.” 25 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πολὺντὸν ἥ. ἐμφαίνειν, of a sunburnt person, [[ [prev. author] “Ind.” 3, compare “Rh.Pr.” 9 ] Refs]: plural, sunbeams, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Signis Tempestatum” 22, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 16.17 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; hot sunny days, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.87. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__5 metaphorically, sunshine, brightness, ψυχῆς [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.994e, compare 2nd c.AD: Artemidorus Daldianus Onirocriticus 2.36, etc.] Refs 1st c.AD+]; of a person, Ἑλλάνων δόξης δεύτερον Ἀέλιον [[ “IG” 14.1188 ] Refs]; of [[ 1st c.BC: Ptolemaeus Epigrammaticus VI, “UPZ” 15.33 ] Refs 1st c.BC+]; νέος Ἥ., of Nero and Caligula, [[ “SIG” 814.34, 798.3. ] Refs]
__II as proper name, Helios, the sun-god, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.271, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; νὴ τὸν Ἥ. [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Σαμία” 108 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὑπὸ Δία Γῆν Ἥλιον, in manumission-formula, [[ “POxy.” 48.6, 49.8 (1st c.AD), “IG” 9(1).412 (from Aetolia), “IPE” 2.54.10(3rd c.AD)] Refs 1st c.AD+]; [Ἥλιος] δούλους ἐλευθέρους ποιεῖ [[ 2nd c.AD: Artemidorus Daldianus Onirocriticus 2.36 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; identified with Apollo, [[ “Carmina Popularia” 12, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 781.11; with Dionysus, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 31.11, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 Ἡλίου ἀστήρ, of the planet [[ “Saturn”, variant in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epinomis” 987c, compare 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 2.30, 2nd c.AD: Theon Smyrnaeus Philosophus p.130H. (I.- 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus ] Refs 5th c.BC+] sāwelios, cf. Cretan dialect ἀβέλιος, Lithuanian sáulė, Latin sōl.)
