Skip to main content
ἱερός — STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones | Berean Institutes
STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones: ἱερός Text size 19px Width Narrow Wide Theme Light Sepia Dark Save settings Highlight selection Add note Annotate selection
Save reading position
ἱερός
(for ἱερὸν see. III.2), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase ἱερὸς ἀκτή [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 597, 805, Oracle texts cited in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.77 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: Ionic dialect and poetry ἱρός, ή, όν (see. entry near the end): Doric dialect and N. Greek ἱᾰρός [[ “IG” 22.1126.20, etc.] Refs]: Aeolic dialect ἶρος [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 23.25, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 8.4] Refs 7th c.BC+], but ἴαρος (correlated from ἴερ-) [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20a. 6 ] Refs 7th c.BC+]: superlative ἱερώτατος [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 582 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 755e. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I filled with or manifesting divine power, supernatural, ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.409, +others; ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.631, 5.499; Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Op.” I [prev. cited]] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.351, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.726, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 410 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; λιβάς, of the Spercheus, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1215 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης 'faery', [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.275 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.66, 11.194; φάος 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 339 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἱερὸς δίφρος (where δ. perhaps = ἵπποι) [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.464; after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 192 (_anapaest meter_); ἱ. κῦμα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1206, compare “Cyc.” 265; ὄμβρος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1428; δρόσοι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 117 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὕπνος, of death, [[ 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Epigrammata” 11 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ. no great matter, [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.22. ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __II of divine things, holy, ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.426; ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 21; λέχος, of Zeus, [prev. work] 57 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; δόσις the gift of God, [[[prev. work] 93 ] Refs]; πόλεμος holy war, 'crusade', [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 556, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 of earthly things, hallowed, consecrated, βωμοί [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.305 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἱ. δόμος, of the temple of Athena,[[ 6.89; ἱ. ἑκατόμβη 1.99, 431, etc.; ἐλαίη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.372; χοαί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 469, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἱρὰ γράμματα hieroglyphics, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.36 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but ἱ. γράμματα of the “Holy Scriptures”, [[NT.2Tim.3.15 ] NT]; ἱ. βύβλοι [[ “OGI” 56.70 (Canopus, 3rd c.BC)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1379, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 512, etc.; χρήματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 568d, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ᾽ ἔχειν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1285 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἱ. σώματα, of ἱερόδουλοι, [[ 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 6.2.6; χῆνες 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.325c ] Refs 1st c.BC+]; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.42; so perhaps ἱ. ἰχθύς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.407 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of the Roman Tribunes,= Latin sacrosanctus, ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Tiberius Gracchus” 15, etc.] Refs 1st c.AD+]; of Augustus, [[ “Mon.Anc.Gr.” 5.17] Refs]; ἱ. νόμος law of sacrifice, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.35, compare “SIG” 685.81 (2nd c.BC)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἱ. λόγος legend, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.81, etc.; οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 335a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἱ. γάμος mystical marriage, a religious ceremony, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 320, 9th c.AD: Photius Legal icographus, etc. ] Refs 4th c.BC+] see entry ; opposed to βέβηλος, as sacred to profane, [[ 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 7.8, “Anecdota Graeca - Bekker” 223; but more frequently ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.52, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 5.4, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare ὅσιος.
__II.3 under divine protection, frequently of places, Ἴλιος [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.648, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 8.4; Πύλος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.108; Θήβη 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20a. 6 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.2, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.100; Ἀθῆναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.323, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 75, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1221 (Lyric poetry), Ps.-Oracle texts cited in 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1037; Σούνιον ἱρόν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.278 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἱ. κύκλος the judge's seat under the protection of Zeus, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.504: with _genitive_ of the divinity, ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.322, 13.104, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.80, 2.41, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 937, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.3.13, etc.; γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 955e ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον[[ [prev. work] 755e, compare “Ti.” 45a ] Refs]; with genitive of a human being, Γναθίου.. ἱ. εἰμι [[ “IG” 12.920. ] Refs]
__II.3.b of persons, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.56; ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681; στρατός 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.81; βασιλέες 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 5.97 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, of Oedipus, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 287 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initiated, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 652 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; with genitive of a divinity, deuoted, dedicated, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 75, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 85b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3.c under the Roman Empire,= sacer, imperial, ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων [[ “IGRom.” 4.571 (Aezani, 2nd c.AD); ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον, [prev. work]3.727 (from Lycia), “SIG” 888.10 (Scaptopara, 3rd c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+], etc.; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (of the praefectus Aegypti), [[ “PHamb.” 4.8 (1st c.AD)] Refs 1st c.AD+]: generally, worshipful, ἱ. σύνοδος [[ “OGI” 713.9 (Egypt, 3rd c.AD), etc. ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__III.1 ἱερά, Ionic dialect ἱρά, τά, offerings, victims, ἱερὰ ῥέξας [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.147, etc.; ἔρδειν 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 336; διδόναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.184; ἀλλ᾽ ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.420, compare 23.207: less frequently in _sing._, ὄφρ᾽ ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ᾽ Ἀθήνῃ 10.571; θῦσαι ἱρά 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.59, 8.54, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν [prev. author] 2.63; αἴθειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1033; ἱ. πατρῷα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1015; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 259. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__III.1.b after [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+], omens afforded by sacrifice, τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.44 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. [prev. work] 2.2.3. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.1.c generally, sacred objects or rites, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.172, 4.33; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of cult-images, IG Rom.[[ 3.800 (syllium). ] Refs]
__III.2 after [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+], ἱερόν, Ionic dialect ἱρόν, τό, holy place, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.119, +others] Refs 5th c.BC+]; opposed to νηός, [[ [prev. author] 2.170, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.90, 5.18 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently of a temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ.. ἱρόν κτλ. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.112 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of the Jewish temple, [[ LXX.1Ch.29.4, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.39.4, 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 16.2.34, NT.Matt.24.1. ] LXX+2nd c.BC+]
__III.3 ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης a sacred principle of right, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 1002. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.4 ἱερός, ὁ (i.e. μήν), name of month at Delos, [[ “IG” 12.377.22, 11(2).203 A 31 (3rd c.BC). ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__III.5 ἱεροί, οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, [[[prev. work]5(1).1390.1, +others (Andania, 1st c.BC), probably in “SIG” 1010.7 (from Chalcedon)] Refs 1st c.BC+], etc.; also of women, ἱεραί, αἱ, [[ “IG” 5(1). [same place], compare 1511 (from Sparta). ] Refs]
__III.5.b ={ἱερόδουλος}, [[[prev. work] 1356 (Messenia, 5th c.BC), “Inscription Perg.” 572, “GDI” 5702.39 (from Samos). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV special phrases, post-[[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__IV.1 proverbial, ἱ. ἄγκυρα one's last hope, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.815d, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “JTr.” 51, “Fug.” 13, 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 1.93, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 11.182. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__IV.2 ἱ. βόλος, name of a throw at dice, [[ 4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 57.1. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__IV.3 ἱ. βοτάνη, see at {βοτάνη}.
__IV.4 ἱ. (i.e. γραμμή) [[compare (γραμμή 111.1)] Refs], last line of draught-board, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ᾽ ἴρας.. λίθον [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 82, compare 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 225, 5th c.BC: Sophron Comicus 127 ] Refs 7th c.BC+]; τὴν ἀφ᾽ ἱερᾶς (variant{τὴν ἱεράν}) [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Coriolanus” 32. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__IV.5 ἱ. ἰχθύς,= ἀνθίας, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 620b35, compare 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 7.282e, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.981d. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__IV.6 ἱ. λόχος, see at {λόχος}.
__IV.7 ἱερά (i.e. νίκη), ἡ, drawn contest, dead heat (because the prize was assigned to the god), [[ “SIG” 1073.48 (6th c.AD: Olympiodorus Philosophus); ποιῆσαι ἱεράν, of the competitor, Wood “Ephesus, App.” vi p.70; so ἱ. ἀθλήματα “Inscription Olymp.” 56; ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη “IG” 9(2).525 (from Larissa); τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο [prev. work]527 ([prev. passage]); ἱερός (i.e. ἀγών) [prev. work]7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): _metaphorically_, ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον] Refs 6th c.AD+] 'divide the honours', [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.58.5, 29.8.9. ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__IV.8 ἱ. νόσος epilepsy, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.33, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Morb. Sacr.” at Title Page, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 9.11.3, etc., compare 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Aetia” 3.1.14: _metaphorically_, τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 46 (= 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Fragmenta” 224). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV.9 ἡ ἱ. ὁδός the sacred road to Delphi, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 61, 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 1.36.3, 1st-2nd c.AD: Harpocratio Grammaticus ] Refs 5th c.BC+] see entry ; and that from Elis to Olympia, [[ 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 5.25.7. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__IV.10 ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, the last bone of the spine, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 45, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.981d, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 5.8, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV.11 ἱ. συμβουλή sacred duty of an adviser, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 321c, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.6.4, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theages” 122b, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Rh.Pr.” 1. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV.12 ἱ. σῦριγξ spinal canal, [[ 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 2.180. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__IV.13 ἱερὰ τριήρης, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.34. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__IV.14 frequently in geographical names, e.g. ἱ ἄκρα, in Lycia, [[ 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 14.3.8 ] Refs 1st c.BC+]; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, in Spain, Cape St. Vincent, [[ [prev. author] 2.4.3 ] Refs]; ἱ. κώμη, in Lydia, [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.1.8 ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ἱ. νῆσος, one of the Liparean group, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.88 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; one of the insulae Aegates, [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.60.3. ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__V adverb -ρῶς holily, ἀποθανεῖν variant in [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Lycurgus” 27. [ῐ by nature, but sometimes ῑ in _Epic dialect_, especially in endings of hexameters, ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hexameters, [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.22 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; also in compounds ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος: ῑ always in contraction form ἱρός which is used in Epic dialect, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus ] Refs 5th c.BC+], and some Ionic dialect inscriptions, as [[ “IG” 12(8).265.9 (from Thasos), compare 7th-6th c.BC(?): Semonides Iambographus 7.56, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 4.79, +others] Refs 7th c.BC+], but is rarely found in codices of [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus (never in 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus or 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also in Trag., [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 268, etc., but never required by metre in Lyric poetry of Comedy texts] ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones — CC-BY-4.0
STEPBible TFLSJ (Translators Formatted full LSJ Bible lexicon), CC BY 4.0, Tyndale House. Greek lexical entries from the full Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon, formatted by Tyndale House Cambridge for biblical study.
View source 