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κᾰθᾰρ-ός, ά, όν,
Doric dialect καθαρός [[ “Tab.Heracl.” 1.103, 5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Fragmenta” 32c. 1 ] Refs 5th c.AD+], Aeolic dialect κόθ- [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 7.3] Refs 7th c.BC+]; compare ἀνακαθαίρω, κάθαρσις:
__1 physically clean, spotless (not in [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad”), εἵματα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.61, 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 12, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 35, 562, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of persons, cleanly, κ. περὶ ἐσθῆτα [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Virtutibus et Vitiis” 1250b28, compare “Rh.” 1416a23 (nisi to be read καθάριος). ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__2 clear of admixture, clear, pure, especially of water, Βορυσθένης ῥέει καθαρὸς παρὰ θολεροῖσι [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.53; κ. ὕδατα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 209 (_anapaest meter_); ὕδωρ κ. ζῶν LXX.Num.5.17; δρόσοι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 96 (_anapaest meter_); κ. καὶ διαφανῆ ὑδάτια 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 229b; οὖρον 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἐπιδημίαι” 1.3; διαχώρημα [prev. author] “Coac.” 640 ] LXX+5th c.BC+]; κ. φάος, φέγγος, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 6.14, 9.90; πνεῦμα κ. οὐρανοῦ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 867; κ. ἄρτος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.40 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of white bread, Wilcken [[ “Chr.” 30i17 (3rd-2nd c.BC), LXX.Jdt.10.5, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 6.482, 19.137] LXX+3rd c.BC+]; ἄλευρον κ. [[ Diocl.fragment 139 ] Refs]; χρυσίον, ἀργύριον -ώτατον, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.166, compare 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 15.36, 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 1.190, etc.; σῖτος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 18.8; σῖτος κ. ἀπὸ πάντων “PHib.” 1.84 (a). 6 (4th-3rd c.BC): frequently of grain, ] Refs 5th c.BC+]winnowed, πυρὸς κ. ἄδολος [[ “POxy.” 1124.11 (1st c.AD),compare “PTeb.” 93.36 (2nd c.BC)] Refs 2nd c.BC+], etc.; of metals, etc., σίδηρος [[ “Sammelb.” 4481.13 (5th c.AD)] Refs 5th c.AD+], etc.; ἀρωμάτων, καθαρῶν, λαχάνων, uncertain meaning in [[ “PLond.” 2.429.6 (4th c.AD)] Refs 4th c.AD+]; ἄκρατος καὶ κ. νοῦς [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.30; χρόαι 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Sensu” 440a5; φωναί [prev. author] “Aud.” 801b28 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of feelings, unmixed, μῖσος τῆς ἀλλοτρίας φύσεως [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Menexenus” 245d, compare 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 89 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; serene, φρήν [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1120 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__3 clear of objects, free, ἐν καθαρῷ (i.e. τόπῳ) in an open space, ἐν κ., ὅθι δὴ νεκύων διεφαίνετο χῶρος [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.491; ἐν κ., ὅθι κύματ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἠϊόνος κλύζεσκον 23.61, compare 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 2.535 (_superlative_)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πάξαις Ἄλτιν ἐν κ. in a clearing, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10 (11). 45 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν κ. βῆναι to leave the way clear, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1575 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν τῷ κ. οἰκεῖν live in the clear sunshine, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 520d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; διὰ καθαροῦ ῥέειν, of a river whose course is clear and open, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.202: with ] Refs 5th c.BC+] substantive, κελεύθῳ ἐν κ[[. 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.23 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χῶρος κ. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.132; ἐν κ. λειμῶνι 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 26.5 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ἡλίῳ κ. in the open sun, opposed to σκιά, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 239c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὥς σφι τὸ ἐμποδὼν ἐγεγόνεε κ. was cleared away, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.183 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς ἀρκυστασίας set up the nets in open ground, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 6.6 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently of land, free from weeds, etc., παραδώσω τὸν κλῆρον κ. ἀπὸ θρύου καλάμου ἀγρώστεως κτλ. [[ “PTeb.” 105.59 (2nd c.BC)] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; παραδώσω τὰς ἀρούρας κ. ὡς ἔλαβον [[ “BGU” 1018.25 (3rd c.AD): with _genitive_, γλῶσσα καθαρὴ τῶν σημηΐων] Refs 3rd c.AD+] clear of the marks, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.38 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; καθαρὸν τῶν προβόλων, of a fort, [[ 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 2.21.7 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of documents, free from mistakes, [[ POxy. 1277.13 (3rd c.AD)] Refs 3rd c.AD+]; χειρόγραφον κ. ἀπὸ ἐπιγραφῆς καὶ ἀλείφαδος free from interlineation and erasure, [[ “PLond.” 2.178.13 (2nd c.AD). ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__3.b metaphorically, free, clear of debt, liability, etc., κ. ἀπὸ δημοσίων καὶ παντὸς εἴδους [[ “BGU” 197.14 (1st c.AD); κ. ἀπό τε ὀφειλῆς καὶ ὑποθήκης καὶ παντὸς διεγγυήματος [prev. work] 112.11 (1st c.AD)] Refs 1st c.AD+]; γῆ κ. ἀπὸ γεωργίας βασιλικῆς [[ “POxy.” 633 (2nd c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; καθαρὰ ποιῆσαι to give a discharge, [[ PAvrom. 1 A 22] Refs]; in moral sense, free from pollution, καθαρῷ θανάτῳ an honourable death, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.462; θάνατον οὐ κ., τὸν δι᾽ ἀγχόνης 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 2.491; ψυχαὶ ἀρηΐφατοι καθαρώτεραι ἢ ἐνὶ νούσοις 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 136 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; frequently free from guilt or defilement, pure, χεῖρες [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 313 (_anapaest meter_); καθαρὸς χεῖρας 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.35, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.11, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.95; κ. παρέχειν τινὰ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα καὶ κατὰ τὴν ψυχήν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 405b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔρχομαι ἐκ κοθαρῶν κοθαρά Orph[[ “fragment” 32c.1, +others] Refs]; of ceremonial purity, καθαρὰ καὶ ἁγνή εἰμι ἀπό τε τῶν ἄλλων τῶν οὐ καθαρευόντων καὶ ἀπ᾽ ἀνδρὸς συνουσίας Jusj. cited in [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 59.78, compare “UPZ” 78.28 (2nd c.BC), LXX.Num.8.7, +others; ἀπὸ τάφου καὶ ἐκφορᾶς καθαροί “SIG” 982.9 (2nd c.BC)] LXX+4th c.BC+]; especially of persons purified after pollution, ἱκέτης προσῆλθες κ. [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 474, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 548, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also of things, βωμοί, θύματα, δόμος, μέλαθρα, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 654 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1163, 1231 (troch.), 693 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with genitive, clear of or from.. , κ. ἐγκλημάτων [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.4.11 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀδικίας, κακῶν, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 496d, “Cra.” 404a; ὁ τῶν κακῶν κ. τόπος [prev. author] “Tht.” 177a; κ. τὰς χεῖρας φόνου [prev. author] “Lg.” 864e; Κόρινθον.. ἀποδεῖξαι τῶν μιαιφόνων καθαράν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.4.6; κ. εἰμι ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος πάντων NT.Act.20.26, compare 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 37.24; κ. ἀπὸ ὅρκου LXX.Gen.24.8 ] NT+5th c.BC+]; ceremonially pure, of food, ὄσπριον [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.37 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of victims, [[ LXX.Gen.7.2, +others, “PGen.” 32.9 (2nd c.AD)] LXX+2nd c.AD+], etc.; κ. ἡμέραι, opposed to ἀποφράδες, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 800d. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__3.c in active sense, purifying, cleansing, λέβης [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.26; θέειον 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 24.96. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__4 of birth, pure, genuine, σπέρμα θεοῦ [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.15 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πόλις [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 673 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῶν Ἀθηναίων ὅπερ ἐστράτευε καθαρὸν ἐξῆλθε, i.e. were citizens of pure blood, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.8 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ τῷ γένει μὴ κ. [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 13.5 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. ἀστοί [[Scholia 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 506 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; καθαρόν a real, genuine saying, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1015 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. Τίμων a Timon pure and simple, [[ [prev. author] “Av.” 1549; κ. δοῦλος 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 9 (glossed by ἀπηκριβωμένος, “Anecdota Graeca - Bekker” 105)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ζημία κ., of a person, Alciphro 3.21.
__5 of language, pure, ὀνόματα, λέξις, [[ 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Compositione Verborum” 1, 3; διάλεκτος [prev. author] “Dem.” 5 ] Refs 1st c.BC+]; so of writers, [Λυσίας] κ. τὴν ἑρμηνείαν [[ [prev. author] “Lys.” 2; [Ξενοφῶν] κ. τοῖς ὀνόμασι [prev. author] “Pomp.” 4 ] Refs]; also, clear, simple, σεμνὸς καὶ κ. [[ 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 2.77a. ] Refs 4th c.AD+]
__5.b Grammars, preceded by a vowel, pure, [[ 2nd c.BC: Dionysius Thrax Grammaticus 635.10, 639.5, Hdn.Gr. 2.930, +others] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; containing a 'pure' syllable, [[[prev. work] 928. ] Refs]
__6 without blemish, sound, ὁ κ. στρατός, τὸ κ. τοῦ στρατοῦ, the sound portion of the army, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.211, 4.135; see above 4. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__7 clear, exact, ἂν κ. ὦσιν αἱ ψῆφοι if the accounts are exactly balanced, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.227 (sed compare καθαιρέω 11.5). ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II adverb purely, ἁγνῶς καὶ καθαρῶς [[ “hymnus ad Apollinem” 121, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 337 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: comparative -ωτέρως[[ 3rd c.AD: Porphyrius Tyrius Philosophus “de Abstinentia - Porphyrii Opuscula” 2.44. ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__II.2 of birth, κ. γεγονέναι [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.147; αἱ κ. Ἑλληνίδες 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.112, compare 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Rh. Pr.” 24. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3 with clean hands, honestly, σὺν δίκῃ.. καὶ κ. [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 198 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; δικαίως καὶ κ. [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.62; κ. τε καὶ μετρίως τὸν βίον διεξελθεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 108c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.4 clearly, plainly, λέγειν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 631, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 35 (_anapaest meter_); λέξις κ. καὶ ἀκριβῶς ἔχουσα 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.4; κ. γνῶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1045, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 66e; εἴσεσθαι [prev. passage]; καθαρώτατα ἀποδεῖξαι [prev. author] “Cra.” 426b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.5 of language, purely, correctly, -ώτερον διαλέγεσθαι [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1116e, compare 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Im.” 15. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__II.6 entirely, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 591; κ. τις ὢν ἀόργητος 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Ir.” p.71 W.; κ. ἐς ἐφήβους τελεῖν 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 36.25, compare “Codex Justinianus [4th-6th c.AD]” 1.4.34.9: _superlative_ -ώτατα] Refs 5th c.BC+] in its purest form, [[ 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “de Pietate - Herkulanische Studien” 66. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
