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καταβάλλω,
future -βᾰλῶ: aorist κατέβᾰλον; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular κάββαλε [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.172, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 189, etc.; _imperative_ καββαλόντων “Foed.Delph.Pell.” 1 B 14] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—throw down, overthrow, κατὰ πρηνὲς βαλέειν Πριάμοιο μέλαθρον [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.414; ἐς μέσσον κ. τι 15.357; ἐνὶ πόντῳ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 189; ἐπ᾽ ἀκτῆς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.125 (tmesis); ἐπὶ Χθονί 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 462, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. [τινὰ] ἐνθάδε [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.172 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. τὰ οἰκήματα, τὰ ἀγάλματα, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.17, 8.109; τεῖχος 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.24; κ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἵππου 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.2.41; ἀπ᾽ ἐλπίδος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 15e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. ἐς τὸ μηδέν to bring down to nothing, opposed to ἐξᾶραι ὑψοῦ, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.79 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κάββαλλε τὸν Χείμωνα confound, defy the storm, [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 34.3. ] Refs 7th c.BC+]
__2 κ. ἑαυτόν throw oneself down to sleep, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Caesar” 38. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__3 strike down with a weapon, slay, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.692 (tmesis), 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.64, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; by a blow, κ. πατάξας [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 13.71 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially of slaying victims, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1603, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 2.20; κ. θῦμα δαίμοσιν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 1246. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__3.b passive, to be stricken, νόσῳ [[ “POxy.” 1121.9 (3rd c.AD). ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__4 throw into prison, κ. τινὰ ἐς ἐρκτήν [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.146 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: generally, throw, bring into a certain state, κ. [τινὰ] ἐς ξυμφοράς [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 606, 5th c.BC: Antipho Sophista 58 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἀπορίαν, εἰς ἀπιστίαν, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 15e, “Phd.” 88c, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__5 overthrow, refute, οἱ -βάλλοντες (i.e. λόγοι), title of work by Protagoras: κ. τινά [[ 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 125; δόξαν 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 6.20. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__6 abuse, bully, [[ 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 2.164S. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__7 cast down or away, cast off, reject, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.24 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: metaphorically, forget, [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Fragmenta” 111 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; κ. εἴς τι throw away upon a thing, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 960e:] Refs 5th c.BC+] —passive, οἱ καταβεβλημένοι despicable fellows, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.8 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare καταβεβλημένως.
__II let fall, drop, ἀπὸ ἕο κάββαλεν υἱόν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.343; κάββαλε νεβρόν, of an eagle, 8.249 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of a fawning dog, οὔατα κάββαλεν ἄμφω [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.302 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἴουλον ἀπὸ κροτάφων κ. [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 15.85 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; of sails, καθ᾽ ἱστία λευκὰ βαλόντες [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 671; τἀκάτια 4th c.BC: Epicrates Comicus 10 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ὀφθαλμοὺς βαλεῖ [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 574 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; τὰς ὀφρῦς κ. [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 167 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. τὰ κέρατα droop their feelers, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 590b26 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: in Politics, abandon a measure, καταβάλλοντ᾽ ἐᾶν ἐν ὑπωμοσίᾳ [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.103. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.2 lay down, set down, κρεῖον μέγα κάββαλεν ἐν πυρὸς αὐγῇ [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.206, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 165, “V.” 727, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.3 lay down, lay in stores, κ. σιτία [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.25:] Refs 5th c.BC+] —passive, κὰτ ἄσπιδες βεβλήμεναι stored up, [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 15.5. ] Refs 7th c.BC+]
__II.4 pay down, yield, bring in, ἡ λίμνη καταβάλλει ἐπ᾽ ἡμέρην ἑκάστην τάλαντον ἐκ τῶν ἰχθύων [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.149; τὰς ἐπικαρπίας τῇ πόλει 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.92, cf. Legal ib. 93. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.4.b pay, τἀργύριον [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.27; τριώβολον 5th-6th c.BC: Amipsias Comicus 13; ἀρραβῶνα 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 743, compare “PRev.Laws” 48.10 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; τιμήν τινι ὑπέρ τινος [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 932d, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Vit.Auct.” 25; τέλη “GDI” 5018a17 (from Gortyn), “PHib.” 29.6 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; λύτρα [[ “GDI” 5151.8 (Cretan dialect, found at Delphi)] Refs]; καταβαλών σοι δραχμὴν τῶν βοτρύων for them, [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Her.Praef.” 1] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; κ. ζημίαν pay up, discharge a fine, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 24.83, compare 59.27 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]:—later in middle, μισθὸν καταβαλέσθαι [[ 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.12. ] Refs 4th c.AD+]
__II.5 put in, deposit, in passive, εἰ ἡ μαρτυρία κατεβάλλετο ἐνταῦθα [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 34.46 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]:—but usually in middle, deposit, γράμματα εἰς κιβωτόν [[ “BCH” 25.100 (from Tlos), compare “IG” 12(1).3.15 (from Rhodes)] Refs]; ψευδεῖς γραφὰς εἰς τὰ δημόσια γράμματα Docum. cited in [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.55; λόγους “IG” 7.2850 (from Haliartus)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; δόγμα [[ “GDI” 5182.10 (Cretan dialect, found at Teos). ] Refs]
__II.6 throw down seed, sow, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Γεωργός” 37 ] Refs 4th c.BC+], compare καταβλητέο; κ. τὸ σπέρμα, of the male, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “De rerum natura - Wien. Stud.” 908.1 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]:—passive, [[ “Placita Philosophorum” 5.7.4, 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.33, 1st c.BC(?): Ocellus Lucanus Philosophus 4.14: _metaphorically_, σπέρμα κ. τοιούτων πραγμάτων 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 24.154 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. φάτιν ὡς.. spread abroad a rumour, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.122, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 758 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.7 lay down as a foundation, mostly in middle, τὴν τῆς ναυπηγίας ἀρχὴν καταβαλλόμενος [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 803a: especially _metaphorically_, -βαλλομένα μέγαν οἶκτον] Refs 5th c.BC+] beginning a lament [[compare(below 8), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 164 (Lyric poetry); Ἀρίστιππος τὴν Κυρηναϊκὴν φιλοσοφίαν κατεβάλετο 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 17.3.22; καταβαλέσθαι τοὐπτάνιον 3rd c.BC(?): Sosipater Comicus 1.39; ἐξ ἀρχῆς καινὴν νομοθεσίαν 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 12.20; τὴν Στωϊκῶν αἵρεσιν 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.329a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: hence generally, to be the author of, commit to writing, ἱστορικὰς καταβαλόμενοι πραγματείας [[ 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 1.1 ] Refs 1st c.BC+]; λόγον Darius cited in [[ 3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 9.13; φλυαρίας 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 7.476 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]:— passive, ὅταν δὲ κρηπὶς μὴ καταβληθῇ.. ὀρθῶς [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1261: frequently _metaphorically_, δεδημοσιωμένα που καταβέβληται 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Sophista” 232d; πολλοὶ λόγοι πρὸς αὐτὰ -βέβληνται 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1096a10 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; καταβεβλημέναι μαθήσεις fundamental, established, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1337b21 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; τὰ κ. παιδεύματα[[ [prev. work] 1338a36, compare 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.27S. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__II.8 with infinitive, γάμον καταβάλλομ᾽ ἀείδειν I begin my song of, [[ 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Fragmenta” 196. ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__III passive, lie down, εἰς εὐνάν [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 18.11. ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__III.2 like{καταβαίνω} [[ II.1, ] Refs]arrive at in a course of lectures, εἰς Γοργίαν [[ 5th-6th c.AD: Damascius Philosophus “Vita Isidori” 54. ] Refs 5th c.AD+]
__B intransitive, fall, εἰς φθόνον καὶ ἀπορίαν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 344c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
