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κεφᾰλή, ἡ,
head of man or beast, [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (see.below), 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 15, etc.; once in 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus, “Th.” 525 (Lyric poetry), once in 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, “Aj.” 238 (_anapaest meter_), also in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus, “fragment” 308 (_anapaest meter_), “Rh.” 226 (Lyric poetry), +others; ἄλλου οὐδενὸς ἐμψύχου κ. γεύσεται Αἰγυπτίων οὐδείς 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.39 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κεφαλῇ.. μείζονες taller in stature, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.168 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; so μείων.. κεφαλήν[[ [prev. work] 193 3rd-2nd c.BC: Aristarchus Grammaticus: frequently with Preps., ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__a κατὰ κεφαλῆς, Epic dialect κὰκ κεφαλῆς, down over the head, κόνιν.. χεύατο κὰκ κεφαλῆς [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.24, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.85, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__b κατὰ κεφαλήν, Epic dialect κὰκ κεφαλήν on the head, Ἐρύλαον.. βάλε πέτρῳ μέσσην κὰκ κεφαλήν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.412, compare 20.387, 475 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: in Prose, from above, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.8 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: c.genitive, above, κ. κ. τινῶν γενέσθαι [[[prev. work] 7.2.11 ] Refs]; τὸ κ. κ. ὕδωρ, of rain water, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 4.10.7 (-ὴν codices), “CP” 6.18.10 ] Refs 4th c.BC+] (-ῆς): in Architecture texts, upright, [[ Inscriptiones Graecae 22.463.42] Refs]; also, per head, each person (compare below 1.2), [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1272a14, LXX.Exo.16.16; κατὰ κεφαλὴν τῶν κωμητῶν “PPetr.” 2p.17 (3rd c.BC). ] LXX+4th c.BC+]
__c ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς from head to foot, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.169; τὰ πράγματα ἐκ τῶν ποδῶν ἐς τὴν κ. σοι πάντ᾽ ἐρῶ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 650. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__d ἐπὶ κεφαλήν head foremost, ἐπὶ κ. κατορύξαι to bury head downwards, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.35 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπὶ κ. ὠθέεσθαι to be thrust headlong, [[ [prev. author] 7.136, compare 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “Fragmenta” 251; ἐπὶ κ. ὠθεῖν τινα ἐκ τοῦ θρόνου 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 553b; ἐπὶ τὴν κ. εἰς κόρακας ὦσον 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Σαμία” 138; εὐθὺς ἐπὶ κ. εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον βαδίζειν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 42.12 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ βουλόμενος πολίτας ἄνδρας ἐπὶ κ. εἰσπράττειν τὸν μισθόν recklessly, [[ 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Lycophrone” 17 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐπὶ ταῖς κεφαλαῖς περιφέρειν carry on high, in token of admiration, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 600d. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__2 as the noblest part, periphrastic for the whole person, πολλὰς ἰφθίμους κ. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.55, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.343, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἶσον ἐμῇ κ. no less than myself, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.82; ἑᾷ κ. 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.67; especially in salutation, φίλη κ. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.281, compare 18.114; ἠθείη κ. 23.94; Ἄπολλον, ὦ δία κ. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 226 (Lyric poetry): in Prose, Φαῖδρε, φίλη κ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 264a; τῆς θείας κ. 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 7.212a ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: in bad sense, ὦ κακαὶ κεφαλαί [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.29; ὦ μιαρὰ κ. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 285: periphrastic in Prose, πεντακοσίας κεφαλὰς τῶν Ξέρξεω πολεμίων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.99 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: in bad sense, ἡ μιαρὰ καὶ ἀναιδὴς αὕτη κ. [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.117, compare 18.153; ἡ κ. τῶν αὐτοῦ “PRein.” 57.8 (4th c.AD)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; μεγάλη κ. a great personage, Vett. Val.[[ 74.7; compare above 1 b near the end ] Refs]
__3 life, ἐμῇ κ. περιδείδια [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.242; σύν τε μεγάλῳ ἀπέτεισαν, σὺν σφῇσιν κεφαλῇσι 4.162 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; παρθέμενοι κεφαλάς staking their heads on the cast, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.237 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὴν κ. ἀποβαλέεις [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.65. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__4 in imprecations, ἐς κεφαλὴν τράποιτ᾽ ἐμοί on my head be it! [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 833; ἐς τὴν κ. ἅπαντα τὴν σὴν τρέψεται [prev. author] “Nu.” 40; ἃ σοὶ καὶ τοῖς σοῖς οἱ θεοὶ τρέψειαν εἰς κ. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.290 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς κ. σοί (i.e. τράποιτο) [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 1063, “Pl.” 526; σοὶ εἰς κ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 283e; τὰ μὲν πρότερον.. ἐγὼ κεφαλῇ ἀναμάξας φέρω 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.155; οἷς ἂν.. τὴν αἰτίαν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. ἀναθεῖεν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.294; τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. ὑμῶν NT.Act.18.6. ] NT+5th c.BC+]
__II of things, extremity,
__II.a in Botany, κ. σκορόδου head (= inflorescence) of garlic, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 718, compare 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 12.6.4; κ. μήκωνος 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 9.8.2 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ῥίζα κ. ἔχουσα πλείονας tubers, [[ 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 3.120. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__II.b in Anatomy, κεφαλαὶ τῆς κάτω γνάθου, probably the condyloid and coronoid processes, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 30 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ κ. τοῦ ὄρχεως, ={ἐπιδιδυμίς}, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 510a14, compare 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 4.565] Refs 4th c.BC+]; μηροῦ, κνήμης κ., [[ 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 2.186, 188 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of the base of the heart, [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 6.16 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; but, apex, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ καρδίης” 7 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of the sac in poulps, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Partibus Animalium” 654a23, 685a5 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; of muscles, origin, [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 7.14. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__II.c generally, top, brim of a vessel, [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 8.87 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; coping of a wall, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.68 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; capital of a column, [[ “CIG” “Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum” “Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum” 2782.31 (from Aphrodisias), LXX.3Ki.7.16, 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 7.121. ] LXX+2nd c.AD+]
__II.d in plural, source of a river, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.91 ] Refs 5th c.BC+] (butsg., mouth, οἶδα Γέλα ποταμοῦ κεφαλῇ ἐπικείμενον ἄστυ [[ Callias Epigrammaticus “Aet.Oxy.” 2080.48)] Refs]: generally, source, origin, Ζεὺς κ. (variant{ἀρχή}), Ζεὺς μέσσα, Διὸς δ᾽ ἒκ πάντα τελεῖται τέτυκται codices) [[ 5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Fragmenta” 21a ] Refs 5th c.AD+]; starting-point, κ. χρόνου [[ “Placita Philosophorum” 2.32.2 (κρόνου codices), 6th c.AD: Lydus, Joannes Laurentius Historicus “de Mensibus” 3.4; κ. μηνός [prev. work] 12. ] Refs 6th c.AD+]
__II.e extremity of a plot of land, [[ “PPetr.” 3p.72 (3rd c.BC), “PFlor.” 50.83 (3rd c.AD). ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__III Ὁμηρείη κ. bust of Homer, [[ “IG” 14.1183.10. ] Refs]
__IV κ. περίθετος wig, head-dress, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 258. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__V metaphorically, κ. δείπνου pièce de résistance, [[ 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 172.15. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__V.2 crown, completion, κεφαλὴν ἐπιθεῖναι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 69b; ὥσπερ κ. ἀποδοῦναι τοῖς εἰρημένοις [prev. author] “Phlb.” 66d, compare “Grg.” 505d; ὥσπερ κεφαλὴν ἔχουσα ἐπιστήμη 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1141a19 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; consummation, σχεῖν κ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 39d. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__V.3 sum, total, πάσας ἐρρηγείας [[ “Tab.Heracl.” 1.36 ] Refs]; of money, [[ “IG” 12(9).7 (Carystus, 4th c.BC), “SIG” 245ii 36 (Delph., 4th c.BC). ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__V.4 band of men, [[ LXX.Job.1.17 ] LXX]; right-hand half of a phalanx (opposed to οὐρά), [[ 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Tactica” 8.3, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Tactica - Griechische Kriegsschriftsteller” 7.3. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__V.5 Astron., κ. τοῦ κόσμου, of Aries, [[ 4th c.AD: Hephaestio Astrologus 1.1 ] Refs 4th c.AD+]. (ghebh-, compare κεβλή and Engl. gable.)
