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κόπτω,
[[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.28, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]: future κόψω [[ 6th c.BC: Hipponax Iambographus 83, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Περικειρομένη” 64, etc.: ] Refs 6th c.BC+]aorist ἔκοψα, Epic dialect κόψα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.203: ] Refs 8th c.BC+]perfect κέκοφα (ἐκ-) [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.5.37, (περι-) 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 14.42, (συγ-) 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 169b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect participle κεκοπώς [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.60 (variant -φώς, -πών), 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.335 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—middle, future κόψομαι [[ LXX.Eze.6.9 ] LXX]: aorist ἐκοψάμην [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.166:] Refs 5th c.BC+] —passive, future κεκόψομαι (ἀπο-) [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1125, (ἐκ-) [prev. author] “Ra.” 1223, (κατα-) 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.5.16, κοπήσομαι LXX.Jer.8.2, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 13.759] LXX+5th c.BC+]: aorist ἐκόπην [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1278, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 723, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.13 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect κέκομμαι [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 683 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]:— cut, strike,
__1 smite, ο᾽ ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.335: with double _accusative_, κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον] Refs 8th c.BC+] smote him on the cheek, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.690. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__2 smite with weapons, κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.528; τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι εἵποντο κόπτοντες 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.113 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: metaphorically in passive, with play on words, αἰεὶ κόπτῃ ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν [[ “Anthologia Graeca” 11.335. ] Refs]
__3 smite, slaughter an animal with an axe or mallet, κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοός [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.521, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.425, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.6; in Trag., 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1278, “Eu.” 635, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 838. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__4 cut off, chop off, κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.203; χεῖράς τ᾽ ἠδὲ πόδας κόπτον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.477; κ. [τὰ γέρρα] ταῖς μαχαίραις 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.6.26 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. δένδρα cut down or fell trees, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.75, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.2.39, 43 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. τὴν χώραν lay it waste, [[[prev. work] 3.2.26, 4.6.5 ] Refs]:—in passive, of ships, to be shattered, disabled by the enemy, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.14, 8.13:— _metaphorically_, φρενῶν κεκομμένος 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 479 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸν ὕπνον ἁ φροντὶς κόπτοισα preventing, [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 21.28 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; [πνεῦμα] κοπτόμενον being suddenly stopped, arrested, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 367a10. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__5 strike, beat a horse, to make him go faster, κόψε δ᾽ Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.513 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; also σκηπανίῳ Γαιήοχος ἀμφοτέρω (i.e. Αἴαντε) κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος [[ 13.60. ] Refs]
__6 hammer, forge, κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς [[ 18.379, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.274 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; later, stamp metal, i.e. coin money, κ. νόμισμα [[ “IG” 12(5).480.11 (Siphnos, Athenian Law), 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus 4, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.56 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]:—middle, coin oneself money, order to be coined, κ. χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου νόμισμα [[ [prev. author] 1.94, compare 4.166 ] Refs]:—passive, of money, to be stamped or coined, [νομίσμασιν] μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 723, compare 726. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__7 knock or rap at, τὴν θύραν [[ [prev. author] “Nu.” 132, “Pl.” 1097, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.41, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.4.7, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 538, 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “περὶ κακιῶν ί” p.30 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Alcibiades” 8, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; without θύραν, οὗτος, τί κόπτει; [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 976. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__8 pound, bray in a mortar, κυπἐρου κεκομμένου [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.71 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀσταφίδα κεκ. [[ 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 127.4 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἔλαιον κεκ., i.e. pure oil, [[ LXX.3Ki.5.11. ] LXX]
__9 knock, dash about, τὸ ὕδωρ ὅταν κοπῇ [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 60b; κόνις.. κοπτομένη.. ὑφ᾽ ἅρμασι 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 63; θάλασσα κοπτομένη πνοιαῖς 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 22.16. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__10 of birds, peck, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 609b5 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὁ ἁλιάετος.. τὰ λιμναῖα κ. preys on the lagoon life, [[[prev. work] 593b24 ] Refs]; σπειρὴν κ. peck at, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 449 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; of fish, gnaw, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 620b17 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; of a snake, strike, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.204 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—passive, of wood or seeds, to be worm-eaten, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 3.18.5, 8.11.2. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__10.b munch, masticate, uncertain in [[ 5th c.BC: Chionides Comicus 6. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__11 ὁ ἵππος κ. τὸν ἀναβάτην jars his rider by his paces, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 1.4 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive,[[ [prev. work] 8.7, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aër.” 21. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__12 κ. ὄνους dress, prepare mill-stones for use, [[ 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 13 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; set, sharpen, [[ 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 6.84 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]:—middle, [[“Anthologia Graeca” 11.253 (1st c.AD: Lucillius Epigrammaticus). ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__13 metaphorically, tire out, weary, μήθ᾽ ὑμῖν ἐνοχλῶ μήτ᾽ ἐμαυτὸν κ. [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator “Prooemia” 29, compare 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 2.3; λέγων φαίνου τι δὴ καινὸν.., ἢ μὴ κόπτε με Hegesippus Epigrammaticus 1.3, compare 3rd c.BC(?): Sosipater Comicus 1.20; μὴ κόπτ᾽ ἔμ᾽, ἀλλὰ τὰ κρέα 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 173.12; κ. τὴν ἀκρόασιν 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Compositione Verborum” 19; κ. τὰ ὦτα 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 6.119; κ. ἐρωτήμασιν ἀκαίροις 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Phocion” 7, cf. Moer. p.74 ] Refs 4th c.BC+] P.:—passive, to be worn out, κοπτόμενοι ἀεὶ ταῖς στρατείαις [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.16 ] Refs 4th c.BC+].
__II middle κόπτομαι, beat or strike oneself, beat one's breast or head through grief, κεφαλὴν δ᾽ ὅ γε κόψατο χερσίν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.33, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.121.δ (also _active_ τί κόπτεις τὴν κεφαλή; 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἥρως” 4); κόπτεσθαι μέτωπα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.58 (with μαχαίρῃσι added 2.61): _absolutely_, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 60b, “R.” 619c ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: perfect passive, [πόλις] κέκοπται [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 683 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]:—active with accusative cognate, ἐκοψα κομμὸν Ἄριον [[ [prev. author] “Ch.” 423 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs]
__II.2 κόπτεσθαί τινα mourn for any one, κόπτεσθ᾽ Ἄδωνιν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 396, cf. NT.Luke.8.52; but also ἐπί τινα NT.Rev.1.7, 18.9 (variant{αὐτῇ})] NT+5th c.BC+]. (Cf. Lithuanian kapóti, Lett. kapāt 'chop small', 'beat', 'stamp', Latin capo 'capon', perhaps σκέπαρνον.)
