λῡπ-έω,
(λύπη) grieve, vex, whether in body or mind, τινα [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 401, 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 2.4, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; opposed to εὐφραίνειν, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 239 (_anapaest meter_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; [ὁ θώραξ] λυπεῖ distresses by its weight, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.10.15 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: c.neuter adjective, λυπεῖν μηδὲν αὑτόν [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 338, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.144, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.50; ταὐτὰ ταῦτα λυποῦντες, ἅπερ ἐγὼ ὑμᾶς ἐλύπουν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 41e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with participle, ἐλύπει αὐτὸν ἡ χώρα πορθουμένη [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.7.12; οὐ σκοπεῖς ὅ τι μὴ λυπήσεις τοὺς ἄλλους ποιῶν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.135: followed by _interrogative_, καί μ᾽ ἦμαρ.. λυπεῖ, τί πράσσει 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 74, compare “El.” 59 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδὲν ἐλύπησεν [αὐτό], ὥστε μή.. does no harm.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 393e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδένα λυπήσας or -ασα, as formula in epitaphs, [[ “IG” 14.1857, 2.1868. ] Refs]
__2 absolutely, cause pain or grief, ἄγαν γε λυπεῖς [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 589, “Ant.” 573, compare “OT” 1231; τὸ λυποῦν 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 107, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 410. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__3 in historical writers, of cavalry and light troops, harass, annoy an army by constant attacks, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.40, compare 61, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.66, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.3.14, “An.” 2.3.23, etc.; λῃσταὶ.. τὴν Λακωνικὴν ἧσσον ἐλύπουν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.53, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1427. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]