Skip to main contentμαλακός — STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones | Berean InstitutesSTEP Liddell–Scott–Jones: μαλακός
μᾰλᾰκός, ή, όν,
soft:
__I of things subject to touch, εὐνή [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9. 618; κώεα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.38; τάπης μαλακοῦ ἐρίοιο 4.124; χιτών 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.42, “PSI” 4.364.5 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πέπλοι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.796 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; νειὸς μ. fresh-ploughed fallow, [[ 18.541 ] Refs]; λειμῶνες μ. soft grassy meadows, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.72, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.349; πόας ἄνθος 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 54; τάπητες.. -ώτεροι ὕπνω 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 15.125 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of the skin or flesh, μ. παρειαί [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 783 (Lyric poetry); χρώς 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1403 (_anapaest meter_); σώματα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.10.1 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρόβατα μ. soft-fleeced, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 47.52 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; τόποι πεδινοὶ καὶ μ., opposed to hard, rugged ground, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 607a10 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; οἱ κρημνοὶ οἱ μ.[[ [prev. work] 615b31; μ. πέτρα “SIG” 970.8 (3rd c.BC), “PPetr.” 2p.6 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; μ. τέφρα a slow fire, [[ 3rd-2nd c.BC: Philo Mechanicus “(Belopoeica) Excerpte aus Philons Mechanik - Ath. Berl. Akad.” 89.36; so μ. πῦρ 1st c.AD: Andromachus Poeta Medicus cited in 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 13.26; μ. ἀνθρακιά 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 2.76 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ὕδωρ μ., of marsh water, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 192.8 (_anapaest meter_), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 59d (compare μαλθακός)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of soil, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 19.8, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Critias” 111b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+] adverb, μαλακῶς ἐνεύδειν, εὑδέμεναι, to sleep softly, i.e. on soft bedding, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.350, 24.255; μαλακώτατα καθεύδειν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.1.24 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; καθίζου μ. sit softly, i.e. on a cushion, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 785; ὑποστορεῖτε μ. τῷ κυνί 4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 90, compare 108 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but ὡς μ. ἐσθίεις what dainty food you have! [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 2.10. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__I.2 μαλακά (i.e. σκεύη), τά, household utensils, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Per.fragment” 3, 4th-3rd c.BC: Diphilus Comicus 19. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II of things not subject to touch, gentle, θάνατος [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.202; ὕπνος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.2; κῶμα 14.359 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μ. ἔπεα soft, fair words, [[ 1.582, 6.337; λόγοι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.56; ἐπαοιδαί 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.51; παρηγορίαι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 95 (_anapaest meter_); αὖραι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 20.18 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μ. βλέμμα tender, youthful looks, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 1022; μαλακὰ φρονέων ἐσλοῖς 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 4.95 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μ. οἶνος mild, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 873b34 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; μ. [φωνή] soft, [[ [prev. author] “Aud.” 803a8 (_comparative_)] Refs]; of scent, faint, delicate, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 6.7.4 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; of climate, mild, [[[prev. work] 6.8.1. ] Refs] adverb μαλακῶς, αὐλεῖν [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Audibilibus” 803a20; ἐὰν τὰ σκληρὰ μ. λέγηται [prev. author] “Rh.” 1408b9. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.2 light, mild, - ώτεραι ζημίαι [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.45. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III of persons or modes of life, soft, mild, gentle, μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάασθαι easier to handle, of a fallen hero, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.373; ἐκ τῶν μ. χώρων μ. ἄνδρας γίνεσθαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.122; - ώτερον ἐκ σκληροτέρου τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἦθος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 666b; ἀρνίου -ώτερος 4th-3rd c.BC: Philippides Comicus 29; - ώτερον τὸ ἦθος τὸ τῶν θηλειῶν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 608a25; ἀρρένων καὶ μ. ἠθῶν καὶ πράξεων 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Mus.” p.92 K. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__III.2 in bad sense, soft, μ. ἐν τῇ ξυναγωγῇ τοῦ πολέμου [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.18; μ. ἦν περὶ τοῦ μισθοῦ [prev. author] 8.29; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.2.2 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]. adverb - κῶς, ξυμμαχεῖν [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.78 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; -ωτέρως ἀνθήπτετο attacked him somewhat feebly, [[ [prev. author] 8.50; μ. φιλεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.11.10. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.2.b faint-hearted, cowardly, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.13, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.5.16 (_comparative_), etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.2.c morally weak, lacking in self-control, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.153 (_comparative_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀντίκειται τῷ μ. ὁ καρτερικός [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1150a33 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: with infinitive, μαλακὸς καρτερεῖν πρὸς ἡδονάς τε καὶ λύπας [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 556c; τὸ τρυφῶν καὶ μ. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1455 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μ. οὐδὲν ἐνδιδόναι not to give in from weakness or want of spirit, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.51, 105, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 488 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ μ. indulgences, [[ 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 288, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.28. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.2.d ={παθητικός}, [[ “PHib.” 1.54.11 (3rd c.BC), NT.1Cor.6.9, 2nd c.AD: Vettius Valens Astrologus 113.22, 3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 7.173. ] NT+3rd c.BC+]
__III.2.e of music, soft, effeminate, μ. ἁρμονίαι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 398e, 411a, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1290a28 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; tuned to a low pitch, opposed to σύντονος, χρῶμα μ. [[ 2nd c.AD: Cleonides Musicus “Introductio Harmonica - Musici Scriptores Graeci” 7, etc. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__III.2.f of style, feeble, τὸ -ώτερον καὶ ταπεινότερον [[ 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.197 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.2.g of reasoning, weak, loose, λόγος [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.4 (_comparative_), compare 5.149 (_comparative_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; λόγος λίαν μ. [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1090b8. ] Refs 4th c.BC+] adverb -κῶς, συλλογίζεσθαι to reason loosely, [[ [prev. author] “Rh.” 1396b1 (_comparative_)] Refs]; ἀποδεικνύειν -ώτερον [[ [prev. author] “Metaphorical” 1025b13. ] Refs]
__III.3 weakly, sickly, -κῶς ἔχειν to be ill, [[ 5th c.BC: Hermippus Comicus 58, Pseudo-Herodotus Historicus “Vitae Homeri” 34, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DDeor.” 9.1; - κῶς διάκειται “PCair.Zen.” 263.3 (3rd c.BC). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV adverb -κῶς, see supr. I, II, III.
