__4 in passive, of persons, to be due or liable to, θανάτῳ πάντες ὀφειλόμεθα [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 122, cf. LXX.Wis.12.20, “IG” 3.1381; but τοιαύταις χερσὶν ὀφειλόμεθα ] LXX+4th c.BC+]our help is due, [[ Anthologia Graeca 9.283 (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Crinagoras Epigrammaticus). ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__II with infinitive, to be bound, to be obliged to do, ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι ye are bound, ye ought to.., [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.200, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.41, 42, +others, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 682, 712, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; and of things, ought to be, ὁ λόγος οὐκ ἀκριβῶς ὀ. λέγεσθαι [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1104a2 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]:—passive, δράσαντι γάρ τοι καὶ παθεῖν ὀφείλεται [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 456 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; σοὶ τοῦτ᾽ ὀφείλεται παθεῖν it is thy destiny to.., [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1421, compare “El.” 1173; ὡς πᾶσιν ἡμῖν κατθανεῖν ὀφείλεται 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 419, compare 782, “Or.” 1245, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 25.11; see above 1.4. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 in this signification Epic dialect imperfect ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον and aorist ὤφελον or ὄφελον are used of that which one has not, but ought to have, done (ought being the pret. of owe), ὤφελεν ἀθανάτοισιν εὔχεσθαι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.546; νῦν ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος 10.117, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.472. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.3 these tenses are also used, followed by present or aorist infinitive, in wishes that something were or had been in present or past, ἀνδρὸς.. ὤφελλον ἀμείνονος εἶναι ἄκοιτις I ought to be.., would that I were.. ! [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.350 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὴν ὄφελ᾽ ἐν νήεσσι κατακτάμεν Ἄρτεμις would that Artemis had slain her !, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.59, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.97; τιμήν πέρ μοι ὄφελλεν Ὀλύμπιος ἐγγυαλίξαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.353: frequently preceded by εἴθε (_Epic dialect_ αἴθε), ὡς, ὡς δή, which express the wish still more strongly, αἴθ᾽ ὄφελες ἄγονός τ᾽ ἔμεναι ἄγαμός τ᾽ ἀπολέσθαι] Refs 8th c.BC+] O that thou hadst!, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.40, compare 1.415, etc.; αἴθ᾽ ὤφελλες.. σημαίνειν 14.84; αἴθ᾽ ὤφελλ᾽ ὁ ξεῖνος.. ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.401; αἴθ᾽ ἅμα πάντες.. ὠφέλετε.. ἐπὶ νηυσὶ πεφάσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.254: with ὡς, ὡς ὄφελον.. ἑλέσθαι] Refs 8th c.BC+] O that I had.. !,[[ 11.380; θανέειν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.274; ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλον ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.764, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.68; ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ᾽ ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.428; ὡς.. ὤφελες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.184 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς ὄφελεν.. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.173, etc.: strengthened, ὡς δὴ ἔγωγ᾽ ὄφελον.. 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.217: also with _negative_, μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι] Refs 8th c.BC+].. would thou hadst never.. !, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.698; ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι 17.686; τὼ μὴ γείνασθαι ὄφελλον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.312; ὡς μὴ ὤφελλε τεκέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.481; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.548.—So in Trag. and _Attic dialect_, ὤφελον.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1157 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὤφελες.. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 865 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὤφελε.. [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 48, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.4, etc.: also, as in _Epic dialect_, εἴθ᾽ ὤφελες.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1021 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἴθ᾽ ὤφελ᾽.. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 41, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον.. [[ [prev. author] “Ec.” 380, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 432c, “Cri.” 44d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ὤφελες.. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 955: with _negative_, μήποτ᾽ ὤφελον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 969, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 880 (_anapaest meter_), 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.288 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς μήποτ᾽ ὤφελον.. [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 286; ὡς μηδὲ νῦν ὤφελον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.78: without augment in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, εἶδον.. τὸ μὴ ἰδεῖν ὄφελον (variant{ὤ-}) 1.111, compare 3.65: sometimes in Trag. (Lyric poetry and _anapaest meter_), εἴθ᾽ ὄφελε.. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 915 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὄφελε.. [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1192 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μήποτ᾽ ὄφελον.. [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1413. (In this signification ὤφειλον] Refs 5th c.BC+] is used in late Epic dialect, ὡς μὴ ὤφειλες ἱκέσθαι [[ 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 5.194, but ὤφελλον should be read in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 174 and ὤφελε in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1291.) ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.3.b with indicative, ὤφελε μηδ᾽ ἐγένοντο θοαὶ νέες [[ 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Epigrammata” 19.1, compare 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 10.378, etc. ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__II.3.c ὄφελον (adverb accusative to [[ 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 142.9, “Etymologicum Magnum” 643.48)] Refs 2nd c.AD+] in this signification: with accusative et infinitive, ὤμοι ἐγών, ὄφελόν με.. ὀλέσθαι [[ 5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Argonautica” 1159: even with 2 _person_ of Verb, ὄφελον ἐβασιλεύσατε NT.1Cor.4.8, cf. NT.2Cor.11.1, NT.Gal.5.12, NT.Rev.3.15, LXX.Job.14.13, 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 4.156a; ὄφελον δυνήσῃ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Sol.” 1 (as a solecism): with 3 _person_, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.18.15, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 38.47: with 1 _person_ _plural_, ὄφελον ἀπεθάνομεν LXX.Exo.16.3 ] NT+1st c.AD+]; ὤφελον (sic) εἰ ἐδυνάμεθα πέτασθαι [[ “PGiss.” 17.10 (2nd c.AD): with ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]infinitive, ὄφελομ μὲν ἡ θεὸς.. στερῆσαι.. [[ “OGI” 315.16 (Pessinus, 2nd c.BC). ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__III impersonal ὀφείλει, it behoves, with accusative et infinitive, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 2.6 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὄφελλέ με μήτε.. εἰσοράαν κτλ. [[ 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.678: so _person_ in ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]participle, absolutely, αἱ ὀφείλουσαι ἱερουργίαι τῶν θεῶν the due services of the gods, [[ “PTeb.” 294.24 (2nd c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; κατὰ τὸν ὀφείλοντα καιρόν [[ 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.79 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]. (ὦφλον, ὤφληκα, aorist and perfect of ὀφλισκάνω, were probably originally aorist and perfect of ὀφείλω: ὄφελον in signf. II. [[ 3c ] Refs] may be originally neuter participle of ὤφελε (signification [[ 111) with omission of ἐστί.) ] Refs]
