Skip to main contentπειράω — STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones | Berean InstitutesSTEP Liddell–Scott–Jones: πειράω
πειράω,
[[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.8, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]: imperfect
__A ἐπείρων [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.25: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]future -άσω [ᾱ] [[ [prev. work] 9, 43 ] Refs]: aorist ἐπείρᾱσα [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1276, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 517, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.54 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect πεπείρᾱκα [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Am.” 26:] Refs 2nd c.AD+] —passive, aorist ἐπειράθην [ᾱ] [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.54 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare πειράζω.
__B more frequently in middle πειράομαι, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.193, 24.390, etc.: ] Refs 8th c.BC+]future -άσομαι [ᾱ] [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 959, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Doric dialect 2nd pers. plural πειρασεῖσθε [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 743, cf. Hippodamus Pythagoreus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 4.1.94; later πειρᾱθήσομαι “Geoponica” 12.13.12: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]aorist ἐπειρᾱσάμην, Ionic dialect ἐπειρησάμην, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.120, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.135, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.44, +others] Refs 8th c.BC+]; but aorist passive ἐπειρήθην, Attic dialect ἐπειράθην [ᾱ], found in middle sense, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.384, +others, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.152, +others, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.5 (variant), 33, 6.92, and in later Prose: ] Refs 8th c.BC+]perfect πεπείρᾱμαι, Ionic dialect -ημαι, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.23, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 110, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.46, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 584, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.1, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]: 3rd.pers. plural pluperfect ἐπεπείραντο [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus “fragment” 24.3 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+], Ionic dialect ἐπεπειρέατο [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.125. (From πεῖρα.) ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A active, attempt, endeavour, try, with infinitive, μήτε τις.. πειράτω διακέρσαι ἐμὸν ἔπος [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.8; πειρήσω (δύναμαι) φηλητέων ὄρχαμος εἶναι “hymnus ad Mercurium” 175; π. ἐς τὴν Μηδικὴν ἐσβάλλειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.84, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1025, +others: followed by ὡς.., 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.66, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.316, etc.; by ὅπως.., 4.545 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: with adjective neuter, πολλὰ πειρῶντες [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.38; πάντα 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1122b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with infinitive understood, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.32. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II with genitive person, make trial of one, μή μευ πειράτω, for the purpose of persuading, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.345, compare 24.433 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of things, τευχέων [[ 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.1249 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]: in hostile sense, make an attempt on, μήλων πειρήσοντα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.301, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.134 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὐ πειρᾶν τῆς πόλιος, πρὶν.. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.82; π. τοῦ χωρίου 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.61; Νισαίας [prev. author] 4.70; ἀλλήλων [prev. author] 7.38; νυμφείας εὐνᾶς 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 5.30. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.III absolutely, ναυσὶ π. make an attempt by sea, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.25; π. ἐπὶ τὴν κώμην [prev. work] 43. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.IV with accusative of things, experience, τύχης ἐπήρειαν [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Am.” 46. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__A.IV.2 with accusative person, make an attempt on a woman's honour, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 517 (ubiv. Scholia), “Pl.” 150, 1067, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.12, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.28, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, πειραθεὶς ὁ Ἁρμόδιος ὑπὸ Ἱππάρχου [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.54, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 227c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; see below [[ 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus IV, compare πεῖρα 11. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B more frequently in middle, with infinitive, try to do, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.5, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.71, 6.138, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 459, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 6.2, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.64, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.41, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 186b ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: with future infinitive, [[ 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 17.8.4: the ] Refs 1st c.AD+]infinitive is sometimes understood, πειρήσεται (i.e. ἀλύξαι) [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.417: followed by εἰ, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.806, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 95b; πειρήσεται αἴ κε θέῃσιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.601 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; by ἐάν or ἄν, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 327, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 638e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; by μὴ.., lest.., [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.394 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; by ὅπως.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.2.3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with participle, frequently in [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, ἐπειρᾶτο ἐπιών 1.77 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; προσβαίνων[[ [prev. work] 84; π. βιώμενοι 4.139; π. ἀποσχίζων 6.9, compare 5, 50, 7.139, +others] Refs]; π. σκοπῶν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 190e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]?? with neuter adjective, τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὰ μικρὰ π. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.5.14. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II most frequently (V.[[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11) with _genitive_, ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__B.II.1 with genitive person, make trial of one, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.444, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.336, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; νῦν σεῦ, ξεῖνε, ὀΐω πειρήσεσθαι, εἰ[[.. 19.215; ἕο αὐτοῦ ἐν ἔντεσι.. εἰ οἷ ἐφαρμόσσειε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.384; with _genitive_ not expressed, ἔπεσιν πειρήσομαι 2.73 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἦ πρῶτ᾽ ἐξερέοιτο ἕκαστά τε πειρήσαιτο test him in each particular, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.119 (variant{μυθήσαιτο})] Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. θεοῦ make trial of, tempt a god, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.86. γ,compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1663 (troch.)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: in hostile sense, πρὶν πειρήσαιτ᾽ Ἀχιλῆος [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.580 (with _accusative_ _cognate_ added ἀέθλους.. ἐπειρήσαντ᾽ Ὀδυσῆος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.23): frequently in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, especially ἀλλήλων πειρᾶσθαι, as ἐπειρῶντο κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν ἀλλήλων 1.76; πειρᾶσθέ μου γυναικὸς ὡς ἀφράσμονος 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1401, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τῆς Πελοποννήσου make an attempt on it, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.100; π. τοῦ τείχους 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.81. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.2 with genitive of things, make proof or trial of.., σθένεος [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.359; ἥβης 23.432 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; χειρῶν καὶ σθένεος π., ἢ.. ἦ.. [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.282 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; try one's chance at or in a work or contest, ἔργου [[ 18.369 ] Refs]; ἀέθλου, ἀέθλων, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.707, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.100, etc.; παλαιμοσύνης [prev. work] 126 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; make proof of, try a weapon, τόξου [[ 21.159, 180; νευρῆς [prev. work] 410 (but [ὀϊστοί,] τῶν τάχ᾽ ἔμελλον πειρήσεσθαι] Refs] arrows whose force they were soon to make trial of, i. e.feel, [[[prev. work] 418)] Refs]; also, make proof of, have experience of, especially in perfect passive, first in [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus, νηῶν “Op.” 660; οὐ πεπειρημένοι πρότερον [οἱ] Αἰγύπτιοι Ἑλλήνων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.159, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 118 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πειρασάμενος ἀγαθῶν, δουλείας, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.44, 5.69, compare 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.1; κακῶν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.253 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὀρφανίας π., i.e. to be an orphan, [[ 3rd-2nd c.BC: Phalaris Epistolographus “Epistulae - Epistolographi” 49 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; but π. τινὸς μετρίου find him moderate by experience or on trial, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Aemilius Paulus” 8, compare “Arat.” 43 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; also, πεπείρανται ὅτι.. [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 27.2. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.3 absolutely, try one's fortune, try the chances of war, αἴ κε θεὸς πειρώμενος ἐνθάδ᾽ ἵκηται [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.129 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πειρώμενος ἢ ἐν ἀέθλῳ ἠὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ making trial of one's powers, [[ 16.590 ] Refs]; Ἕκτορι πειρηθῆναι ἀντιβίην, ἢ.. ἦ.. to try one's fortune against him, [[ 21.225 ] Refs]; περὶ δ᾽ αὐτῆς πειρηθήτω (i.e. τῆς ἵππου) let him try for her, as a prize, [[ 23.553. ] Refs]
__B.III make a trial or put a matter to the test, ἐν σοὶ πειρώμεθα [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 21a: with _dative_ modi, ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.279 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπειρήσαντο πόδεσσι tried their luck in the foot-race, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.120, compare 205; σφαίρῃ 8.377 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; also π. σὺν ἔντεσι, σὺν τεύχεσι π., [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.220, 11.386: but in ] Refs 8th c.BC+]perfect, οὐδέ τί πω μύθοισι πεπείρημαι I have not tried myself, have not found my skill, in words, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.23: _absolutely_, ὁ πειραθεὶς πιστεύσει 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 1.16 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πεπειραμένος σαφῶς οἶδα by experience, [[ [prev. author] “Hier.” 2.6. ] Refs]
__B.IV with accusative person, make an attempt on[[ (V.A.IV. 2), Διὸς ἄκοιτιν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.34. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
