πένθος, εος, τό,
grief, sorrow, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.658, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τινος for one, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.324, etc.; π. ἄλαστον ἔχουσα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.105; π. λαγχάνειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 659 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Τρῶας λάβε π. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.548, etc.; μέγα π. Ἀχαιίδα γαῖαν ἱκάνει 1.254, etc.; πένθεϊ δ᾽ ἀτλήτῳ βεβολήατο πάντες 9.3; θυμὸς ἐτείρετο π. λυγρῷ 22.242, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__2 especially of grief for the dead, mourning, τοκεῦσι γόον καὶ π. ἔθηκας [[ 17.37; παιδὸς γάρ οἱ ἄλαστον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ π. ἔκειτο 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.423; Σάρδεσι π. παρασχών 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 322; δμῳαῖς προθήσειν π. οἰκεῖον στένειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1249 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. ποιήσασθαι make a public mourning, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.1; so π. προεθήκαντο [prev. author] 6.21; π. τίθεται [prev. author] 2.46; π. τινὸς κοινοῦσθαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 426 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν πένθει [εἶναι] [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 290, 847 (Lyric poetry); πολὺ π. ἦν κατὰ τὸ στράτευμα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.5.10; π. λιπεῖν “IG” 3.1311 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. λύεσθαι, ἀποθέσθαι, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Fabius Maximus” 18, “Alex.” 75: in _plural_, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 8(7).6, “fragment” 154, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 333 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 395e, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1370b25, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]