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πήγνῡμι,
3rd.pers. plural πηγνύουσι [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.72 (variant), 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 6.6.9, but πηγνῦσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus [prev. cited] codices plural, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης” 2.60; _optative_ πήγνυτο 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 118a ] Refs 5th c.BC+] codices; infinitive πηγνύειν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 6.7, 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 4.95] Refs 5th c.BC+]: imperfect πήγνυον [[ 5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Lithica” 567 (περι-), 4th-5th c.AD(?): Nonnus Epicus “Dionysiaca” 5.50 ] Refs 4th c.AD+]: late form of present πήσσω (which see): future πήξω [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.283 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Doric dialect πάξω [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.3: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]aorist ἔπηξα, Epic dialect πῆξα [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.15, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Aeolic dialect participle πάξαις [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10 (II). 45: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]perfect πέπηχα, only pluperfect ἐμ-πεπήχεσαν [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 40.40 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]:—middle in transitive sense, πήγνῠμαι [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 809 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: future πήξομαι [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 10.388 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]: aorist ἐπηξάμην [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 455, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.12, etc.:] Refs 8th c.BC+] —passive πήγνῠμαι: future πᾰγήσομαι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 437, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.92 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πήξομαι (as passive) [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aër.” 8: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]aorist 1 ἐπήχθην, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural πῆχθεν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.298 ] Refs 8th c.BC+], Doric dialect subjunctive παχθῇ [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 23.31 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+], participle πηχθείς [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 302: more frequently ] Refs 5th c.BC+]aorist 2 ἐπάγην [ᾰ], Epic dialect πάγην, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural πάγεν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.572 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; participle παγείς [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 190, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 395: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]perfect πέπηγμαι (κατα-, συμ-) [[ 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 5.46, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 2.21.1 ] Refs 1st c.BC+]: pluperfect ἐπέπηκτο [[ 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 3.123b ] Refs 4th c.AD+]; but in the best authors, πέπηγα is used as the perfect passive, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.135, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Aeolic dialect πέπᾱγα [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 34; _optative_ πεπαγοίην 5th c.BC: Eupolis Comicus 435 ] Refs 7th c.BC+]: pluperfect ἐπεπήγειν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.442, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.23: ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__I stick or fix in, ἐν δὲ μετώπῳ πῆξε [τὴν αἰχμήν] [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.460, etc.; ἔνθα οἱ ἔγχος ἔπηξε 13.570; ἐν γαίῃ π. ἐρετμόν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.276 (or γαίῃ 11.129); π. ἐπὶ τύμβῳ ἐρετμόν 11.77 (or τύμβῳ 12.15) ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; [γύην] ἐν ἐλύματι π. [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 430; ἔπαξε διὰ φρενῶν ξίφος 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.26 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; fix in the earth, plant, σκῆπτρον [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 420, compare “Aj.” 821 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; σκηνήν, σκηνὰς π., pitch a tent, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.30, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 817c (in _middle_, σκηνὰς πηξάμενοι] Refs 5th c.BC+] pitching themselves tents, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.12)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; σταύρωμα π. [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.66; τὰς σχαλίδας π. ὑπτίας 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 6.7 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; plant seeds or cuttings, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 6.6.9, 7.4.10: _intransitive_ ] Refs 4th c.BC+]perfect and passive, δόρυ δ᾽ ἐν κραδίῃ ἐπεπήγει the spear stuck fast in his heart, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.442; [δοῦρα] ἐν χροῒ πήγνυτο 15.315; [ὀϊστοὶ] ἐν χροῒ πῆχθεν 8.298; δοῦρα ἐν σάκεϊ πάγεν 11.572; [ξίφος] πέπηγεν ἐν γῇ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 819; σκηνὴ ἔσκε πεπηγυῖα ἑτοίμη 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.119; κυρβασίας ὀρθὰς πεπηγυίας [prev. work] 64, compare 70:] Refs 8th c.BC+] —middle, ἐν ἀλλήλοις χείλεα πηξάμενοι, of kissing, [[“Anthologia Graeca” 5.254 (Paul. Sil.). ] Refs]
__I.2 stick or fix on, κεφαλὴν ἀνὰ σκολόπεσσι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.177; σκόλοψι δέμας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1430; κρᾶτα πήξασ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἄκρον θύρσον [prev. author] “Ba.” 1141:] Refs 8th c.BC+] —passive, ἀμφὶ βουπόροισι πηχθέντας μέλη ὀβελοῖσι having their limbs fixed on spits, [[ [prev. author] “Cyc.” 302 ] Refs]; ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγέντες impaled, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 190. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__I.3 fix upon an object, κατὰ χθονὸς ὄμματα π. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.217 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: intransitive perfect, πρὸς ἀστρονομίαν ὄμματα πέπηγεν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 53o d, compare 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator [prev. cited] (_passive_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πεπηγυῖα τὰς τῶν ὀμμάτων βολὰς ἐς τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀπόρρητα [[ 3rd c.AD: Philostratus Junior Sophista “Imagines” 11: with ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]infinitive, ἡ σοφία ἀρέσκειν πέπηγε is bent upon pleasing, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 605a: _absolutely_, τὸ πεπηγὸς ὄμμα] Refs 5th c.BC+] immovable eye, fixed gaze, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “προρρητικόν” 1.46, compare 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 16.610. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II fasten [different parts] together, fit together, build, νῆας πῆξαι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.664 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἴκρια π. [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.163:] Refs 8th c.BC+] —middle, πήξασθαι ἄμαξαν build oneself a wagon, [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 455; νέας πηξάμενοι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.83 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—passive, to be joined or put together, ψυχὴ καὶ σῶμα παγέν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 246c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III make solid or stiff, especially of liquids, freeze, θεὸς.. πήγνυσι πᾶν ῥέεθρον [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 496 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; τοὺς ποταμοὺς ἔπηξε (i.e. ὁ θεός) [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 139; βορρᾶς πηγνὺς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.5.3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; curdle, γάλα [[ 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 4.95:] Refs 1st c.AD+] —middle, τυροὺς πήγνυσθαι to make oneself cheese (by curdling the milk), [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “VH” 1.24] Refs 2nd c.AD+]:—passive and intransitive perfect, become solid, stiffen, γοῦνα πήγνυται [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.453; ἄρθρα πέπηγέ μου 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1395 ] Refs 8th c.BC+] (but also, become firm or set, of limbs, [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 2.11; πεπηγυῖα ὑγιεινὴ κατάστασις 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “Θρασύβουλος - Scripta Minora” 7) ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of liquids, freeze, ἡ θάλασσα πήγνυται [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.28 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἅλες πήγνυνται salt crystallizes, [[[prev. work] 53, compare 6.119; φόνος πέπηγεν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 67 (Lyric poetry); πεπάγαισιν ὐδάτων ῤόαι 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 34, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.4.3 ] Refs 7th c.BC+]; κρύσταλλος ἐπεπήγει οὐ βέβαιος was not frozen so as to bear, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.23; ἁνίκα [χιὼν] παχθῇ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 23.31 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὄστρακον [ᾠοῦ] π. [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Generatione Animalium” 752a35 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; γάλα π. [[ [prev. author] “PA” 676a14 ] Refs]; ὀφθαλμῶν οἱ μὲν ὑγιεῖς, οἱ δὲ πεπηγότες blind, of buds, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Causis Plantarum” 5.12.10 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: metaphorically, to be petrified, struck dumb, [[ 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 166.7. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__IV metaphorically, fix, ὅρους τοῖς βαρβάροις [[ 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 73, compare 4th c.BC: Aristopho Comicus 9.7 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: Astrology texts, fix, determine a nativity, [[ Scholia 2nd c.AD: Ptolemaeus Mathematicus “Tetrabiblos” 103:] Refs 2nd c.AD+] —middle, ὄφρα ἐν φρασὶ πάξαιθ᾽, ὅπως.. that he might keep it fixed in his heart, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 3.62 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; establish, χορούς [[ 4th c.AD: Himerius Sophista “Orationes” 16.6 ] Refs 4th c.AD+]:— passive and intransitive perfect, to be irrevocably fixed, established, εἷς ὅρος ἡμῖν παγήσεται [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.92 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πῆγμα (Aurat. for πῆμα) γενναίως παγέν [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1198; κακῶς παγέντας ὅρκους 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 395; ὀρθὰς παγείσας φρένας 5th c.BC: Carcinus Tragicus 6.2; μὴ γὰρ ὡς θεῷ νομίζετ᾽ ἐκείνῳ τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι πράγματα ἀθάνατα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.8; τὰ καλῶς πεπηγότα τῇ φύσει [prev. author] 25.90 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]. (Cf. Latin pango.)
