πηδάλι-ον [ᾰ], τό,
(πηδόν) steering-paddle, rudder, [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, only in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey”; π. μετὰ χερσὶ.. νηὸς ἔχοντα 3.281; π. ποιήσατο, ὄφρ᾽ ἰθύνοι 5.255; πηδαλίῳ ἰθύνετο τεχνηέντως ἥμενος [prev. work] 270; π. δὲ ἐκ χειρῶν προέηκε [prev. work] 315 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. δὲ ἓν ποιεῦνται (i.e. Αἰγύπτιοι) καὶ τοῦτο διὰ τῆς τρόπιος διαβύνεται [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.96 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Greek ships had a pair, hence in plural, of a single ship, [[ [prev. author] 4.110, 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 139, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 542, 4th-3rd c.BC: Diphilus Comicus 43.11 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πηδάλια ζεύγλαισι (cross-bars) παρακαθίετο [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 1536 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀνέντες τὰς ζευκτηρίας τῶν π. [[ NT.Act.27.40 ] NT]; πηδάλια εἶχε τέτταρα τριακονταπήχη, of the τεσσαρακοντήρης of Ptolemy IV, [[ 3rd c.BC(?): Callixinus Historicus 1: _metaphorically_ in Comedy texts, [γυνὴ].. οὐδὲ μικρὸν πείθεται ἑνὶ πηδαλίῳ Theophilus Comicus 6: proverbial, π. κρεμάσαι] Refs 3rd c.BC+] to retire from a seafaring life, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 711. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__2 metaphorically, ἱππικὰ π., of reins, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 206 (Lyric poetry); νώμα δικαίῳ π. στρατόν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.86; τὰ π. τῆς διανοίας 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Clitopho” 408b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II in plural, of the oars by which the nautilus is said to steer himself, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 622b13 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; of the long hind legs of the locust and grasshopper, [[[prev. work] 532a29, 535b12,compare “IA” 710a3. ] Refs]