πικρ-αίνω,
make sharp or keen, especially to the taste, π. τὴν κοιλίαν make it bitter, [[ NT.Rev. 10.9] NT]:— passive, τὸ στόμα πικραίνεται [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων” 30: opposed to γλυκαίνεσθαι, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 244b20. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__2 metaphorically, embitter, irritate, τὴν ψυχήν [[ LXX.Job.27.2 ] LXX]; τὴν ἀκοήν affect it harshly, opposed to γλυκαίνω, [[ 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Compositione Verborum” 12, 15 ] Refs 1st c.BC+]; make harsh, νόμους conjecture in [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 693 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]:—passive, to be exasperated, embittered, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 731d, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.120 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ ζωγράφος πονεῖ τι καὶ π. vexes himself, [[ 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 144.3; π. ἐπί τισι LXX.Exo.16.20 ] LXX+4th c.BC+]; ἔν τισι[[LXX.Ruth.1.20 ] LXX]; also ἐπικράνθη μοι it grieved me, [[[prev. work] 13. ] Refs]
__3 of style, make harsh or rugged, διάλεκτον [[ 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Demosthene” 55, compare 34. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]