πταίω,
[[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.122, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: future πταίσω [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.20 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: aorist ἔπταισα [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.101, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect ἔπταικα [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 675, 3rd c.BC: Bato Comicus 1, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.48.4, (προσ-) 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.82:] Refs 5th c.BC+] — passive, see #1:
__I transitive, cause to stumble or fall, σύνθεσιν ποτὶ ψεύδει [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 205, cf. LXX.1Ki.4.3 ] LXX+5th c.BC+]:—passive, to be missed, of things, [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 2.15 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; τὰ πταισθέντα failures, errors, [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Demon.” 7 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἃ ἐπταίσθη his failures, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Comp. Dion.Brut.” 3. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__II intransitive, stumble, trip, fall, π. πρός τινι stumble against, fall over, π., ὥσπερ πρὸς ἕρματι, πρὸς τῇ πόλει [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 553b, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 926, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 7.26 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρὸς τὰς πέτρας conjecture in [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.2.3; proverbial, μὴ δὶς πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν λίθον πταίειν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 31.11.5 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also π. περί τινι, μὴ περὶ Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς lest Hellas should get a fall over him, i.e. be defeated by him, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.101. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 metaphorically, make a false step or mistake, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.43, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.20, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 672, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐὰν πταίωσί τι when they make a blunder, of medical men, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 75.5 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἐλάττω, ἐλάχιστα, τὰ πλείω π., [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.122, 4.18, 6.33; ἔν τισι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.286; λογισμοῖς 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 380 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῇ μάχῃ, τοῖς ὅλοις, τοῖς πράγμασι, etc., [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 18.14.13, 3.48.4, 1.10.1, etc.; ἀψευδὴς ὢν καὶ μὴ π. τῇ διανοίᾳ περὶ τὰ ὄντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 160d; also π. ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκας 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 215 (Lyric poetry); ὑπό τινος π. τῇ πατρίδι 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 5.93.2; ἐκ τύχης [prev. author] 2.7.3. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]