ῥίζ-α, ης, ἡ:
Ionic dialect nominative ῥίζη [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus cited in 1st c.AD: Erotianus Grammaticus, _accusative_ ῥίζην 2nd c.AD: Marcellus Sidetes Poeta Medicus 89 (before a vowel), but ῥίζαν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.846 (whence _Ionic dialect_ _nominative_ ῥίζα may be inferred)] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—root, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.304, 23.196, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; used as a medicine, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.846 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ῥ. ἐλατήριος, of a purgative medicine, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἐπιδημίαι” 5.34 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: mostly in plural, roots, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.134, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.435, etc.; δένδρεα μακρὰ αὐτῇσιν ῥίζησι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.542: hence ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__2 metaphorically, roots of the eye, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.390 (but ῥίζας ἐν ὄσσοις αἱματῶπας in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 933 ] Refs 8th c.BC+] probably bloodshot streaks); the roots or foundations of the earth, [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 19; χθόνα.. αὐταῖς ῥ. πνεῦμα κραδαίνοι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 1047 (_anapaest meter_); ἰπούμενος ῥίζαισιν Αἰτναίαις ὕπο [prev. work] 367 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of feathers, hair, etc., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 251b, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 518b14 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of the teeth, [[ [prev. author] “GA” 789a13; γαστρὸς ῥ. ὀμφαλός [prev. author] “HA” 493a18, etc. ] Refs]
__3 τὸν πόλεμον ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἀνῄρηκε 'root and branch', [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Pompeius” 21, compare 4th c.AD: Heraclides Historicus Pont. cited in 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 12.523f; ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἀπώλεσεν LXX.Job.31.12 ] LXX+1st c.AD+]; compare ῥιζόθεν, πρόρριζος.