σοφία,
Ionic dialect -ιη, ἡ, properly cleverness or skill in handicraft and art, as in carpentry, τέκτονος, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ σ. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.412 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of the Telchines, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.53 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ ἔντεχνος σ., of Hephaestus and Athena, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 32 1d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of Daedalus and Palamedes, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.2.33, compare 1.4.2 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; in music and singing, τέχνῃ καὶ σ. [[ “hymnus ad Mercurium” 483, compare 511; in poetry, 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 13.52, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.117, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 882, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.2.8, etc.; in driving, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theages” 123c ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; in medicine or surgery, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.54; in divination, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 502 (Lyric poetry); δυσθανατῶν ὑπὸ σοφίας εἰς γῆρας ἀφίκετο 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 406b; σ. δημηγορική, δικανική, [prev. work] 365d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ περὶ Ὁμήρου σ. [[ [prev. author] “Ion” 542a; οὐ σοφίᾳ ἀλλὰ φύσει ποιεῖν [prev. author] “Ap.” 22b; σημαίνοντες τὴν σ..., ὅτι ἀρετὴ τέχνης ἐστίν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1141a12 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: rare in plural, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 9.107, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 676 (Lyric poetry), “IG” 12.522 (vase, 5th c.BC). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__2 skill in matters of common life. sound judgement, intelligence, practical wisdom, etc., such as was attributed to the seven sages, like{φρόνησις}, [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 790, 876, 1074, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.30, 60 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἡ τῶν δεινῶν σ., opposed to ἀμαθία, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 360d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὴν τότε καλουμένην σ., οὖσαν δὲ δεινότητα πολιτικὴν καὶ δραστήριον σύνεσιν [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Themistocles” 2 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; also, cunning, shrewdness, craft, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.68, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ λοιδορῆς αι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ σ. [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 9.38. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]