σπένδω,
[[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.775, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Epic dialect subjunctive 2nd pers. singular σπένδῃσθα [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.591 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: Ionic dialect imperfect σπένδεσκον [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.227, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.138 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: future σπείσω [[ LXX.Num.28.7, (κατα-) 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.151, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1187 ] LXX+5th c.BC+]: aorist ἔσπεισα [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.55, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 42, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Epic dialect σπεῖσα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.177, σπείσασκε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.89 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Epic dialect subjunctive σπείσομεν, for -ωμεν, [[ 7.165, 181 ] Refs]: perfect ἔσπεικα [[ (κατ-) 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Sertorius” 14 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]:—middle, aorist ἐσπεισάμην [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.144, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, aorist ἐσπείσθην [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Romulus” 19: ] Refs 1st c.AD+]perfect ἔσπεισμαι, see below [[ 11 ] Refs] near the end:—make a drink-offering (because before drinking wine a portion was poured on the table, hearth, or altar), σπεῖσάν τ᾽ ἔπιόν θ᾽ ὅσον ἤθελε θυμός [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.177; ἐπὴν σπείσῃς τε καὶ εὔξεαι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.45, compare 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus 1.15, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1033, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 313, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]: with dative of the god to whom the libation was made, σέπας ἑλὼν σπείσασκε θεοῖσιν [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.89; ὡς σπείσῃς Διὶ πατρὶ καὶ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.259, compare 16.227, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.334, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὴν (i.e. κύλικα) δὲ θεοῖς σπένδεις [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 490 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; κρητῆρας σπενδέτω probably let him dedicate them by pouring an offering from them, [[ “SIG” 57.13 (Milet., 5th c.BC):] Refs 5th c.BC+] —the liquid poured is mostly in _accusative_, σ. οἶνον pour wine, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.775, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.151; λοιβάς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 270 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; σπονδάς, χοάς, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 512, “Or.” 1322 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; elliptically, σ. ἀγαθοῦ δαίμονος (i.e. σπονδήν) [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 106 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; σ. οἴνου (partitive genitive) [[ 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus 5.5.7:] Refs 2nd c.AD+] rarely with dative _of things_, ὕδατι σ. make a drink-offering with water, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.363 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Ὀλυμπίῳ σ. ἀοιδαῖς make libations with songs to Zeus, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 6(5).9: also with _dative_ instrumenti, σ. δέπαϊ, δεπάεσσι, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.196, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.137; χρυσίδι 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 124; χαλκέῃ φιάλῃ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.147; ἐκ χρυσέης φιάλης [prev. author] 7.54: with _genitive_, σ. βαιᾶς κύλικος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 42 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—passive, οὗτος θεοῖσι σπένδεται θεὸς γεγώς [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 284: so _metaphorically_ of a person, σπένδομαι ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ] Refs 5th c.BC+] I am offered (as a drink-offering) upon it, [[ NT.Phil.2.17, cf. NT.2Tim.4.6. ] NT]