Skip to main contentτάχιον — STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones | Berean InstitutesSTEP Liddell–Scott–Jones: τάχιον
Included with: τᾰχύς [ῠ], εῖα, ύ:
__I of motion, swift, fleet, opposed to βραδύς,
__I.1 of persons and animals, either absolutely, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.69, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; or more fully, πόδας ταχύς [[ 13.249, 482, 17.709, etc.] Refs]; ταχὺς ἔσκε θέειν [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.308 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; θείειν τ. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.186, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.112 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κύνες, ἔλαφος, πτώξ, ἵππος, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.26, 8.248, 17.676, 23.347, etc.; οἰωνόν, ταχὺν ἄγγελον 24.292, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.526 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τ. βαδιστής a quick walker, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1182 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; σφοδροὶ καὶ τ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.1.31. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.2 of things, τ. πόδες [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.514, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.261, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τ. ἰός, ὀϊστοί, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.94, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.3, etc.; πτερά 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1453; -ύτατα ἅρματα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.77 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; νῆες, τριήρεις, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.23, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.43, etc.; [ἴχνος] τὸ τοῦ ποδὸς μὲν βραδύ, τὸ τοῦ δὲ νοῦ ταχύ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 742. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II of thought and purpose, quick, hasty, φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 617: with ] Refs 5th c.BC+]infinitive, βλάπτειν τ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1428; τ. βουλεῦσαί τι ἀνήκεστον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.132, compare 118, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Dem.Enc.” 12; also τ. πρὸς ὀργήν 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cat.Mi.” 1 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ ταχύ speed, haste, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 452, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 7.18, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 of actions, events, etc., rapid, sudden, πήδημα [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 833 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ᾅδης, μόρος, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1047, 2nd c.BC: Moschus Bucolicus 3.26; πόλεμος 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.55, 6.45; φυγή [prev. author] 4.44; μεταβολή 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 553d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; short, τ. ἐλπίδες fleeting hopes, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.83; ἐπαυρέσεις 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.53; ἀτραπός 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 127; ταχεῖ σὺν χρόνῳ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1602 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τ. διήγησις short, rapid, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1416b30. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__B.1 regular τᾰχέως, quickly, opposed to βραδέως, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.365, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 103, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—rarely in sense perhaps [[compare (τάχα 11), 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.25.8. ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__B.2 the adverb is also expressed by periphrastic, διὰ ταχέων in haste, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.80, 3.13, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 32d, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.5.9; ἐκ ταχείας 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 395; compare τάχος 11. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.3 neuter ταχύ as adverb, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 10.51, “N.” 1.51, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 349, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 885 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 109, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 16.665, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἤδη ἤδη τ. τ. [[ “Sammelb.” 4321.21, “BGU” 956.3 (both 3rd c.AD)] Refs 3rd c.AD+]; ἄρτι ἄρτι τ. τ. [[ “Arch.Papyrus” 5.393 (2nd c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; also τάχα (which see).
__B.4 the adjective ταχύς is frequently construed with Verbs, where we should use the adverb, ταχέες δ᾽ ἱππῆες ἄγερθεν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.287; ταχεῖά γ᾽ ἦλθε χρησμῶν πρᾶξις 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 739; ὁρμάσθω ταχύς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 526 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; δεῦρ᾽ ἀφίξεται τ. [[ [prev. author] “OC” 307; τ. χάρις διαρρεῖ [prev. author] “Aj.” 1266, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.75, 5.66. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C Degrees of Comparison:
__C.I.1 the form τᾰχύτερος, α, ον, is used by [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, ἐποίησα ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα 3.65, compare 7.194 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also in [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Mundo” 394b3, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Indica” 9.6, 2nd c.AD: Aretaeus Medicus “περὶ αἰτιῶν καὶ σημείων χρονίων παθῶν” 1.16 ] Refs 4th c.BC+], but not in good Attic dialect; ταχύτερον as adverb, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.127, 9.101, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “προγνωστικόν” 17. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.2 the more usual form is θάσσων, neuter θᾶσσον, genitive ονος, Attic dialect θάττων, neuter θᾶττον, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.570, 13.819 (elsewhere only _neuter_ in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.:—neuter as adverb, frequently in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.307, +others] Refs 8th c.BC+]; θᾶσσον ἂν.. κλύοιμι sooner, i.e. rather, would I hear, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 631 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; θᾶσσον also often stands for the Positive, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.440, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.201, 16.130, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.181, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 506, “V.” 187, “Ra.” 94 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὐ θᾶσσον οἴσει; i.e. make haste and bring, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1183, compare “OT” 430 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; θᾶττον νοήματος quicker than thought, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.3.13, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 824, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; with a conjunction, ὅτι θᾶσσον, like{ὅτι τάχιστα}, [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 24.48 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἐπειδὴ θᾶττον συνεσκότασεν as soon as.. , [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.5; ἐπειδὰν θ. συνιῇ τις 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 325c; ὅταν θ. φθέγγηται ὁ κόκκυξ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 563b17, compare 611a5 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐὰν or ἢν θ. as soon as.. , [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.20, “An.” 6.5.20, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus Alcaeus1.105a] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἂν θ. [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Περικειρομένη” 174 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; εἰ θ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 324b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς θ. [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.66.1, 3.82.1 ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; θ. rarely = sooner than, before, ἐξήλαυνον μεσημβρίας οὐ πολλῷ τινι θ. [[ 2nd c.AD: Aristides Rhetor “Orationes” 51 (27). 13 (compare τάχιον below 3). ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__C.I.3 the form ταχίων [ῑ], neuter ιον, is frequently in late Prose, as [[ LXX.Wis.13.9, LXX.1Mac.2.40, 3rd-2nd c.BC: Philo Mechanicus “(Belopoeica) Excerpte aus Philons Mechanik - Ath. Berl. Akad.” 69.14, 17, 73.23, 1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 1.20, 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 6.42, 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 20.6, 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus (see. below), 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.240d, NT.John.20.4, 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 3.4; also in 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 1.1, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 402.16 ] LXX+5th c.BC+]; but condemned by [[ 2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista 58, 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus “Philet.” p.436 P.] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; τὴν ταχίονα τῆς τροφῆς παράθεσιν earlier, sooner, [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 19.206:] Refs 2nd c.AD+] — adverb τάχιον earlier, πλέεται.. περὶ τὸν Σεπτέμβριον μῆνα.., οὐδὲν δὲ κωλύει κἂν τ. [[ “Periplus Maris Rubri [1st c.AD]” 24] Refs]; τ. τῆς ὑποσχέσεως sooner than they had promised, [[ “Rev.Ét.Gr.” 6.159 (from Iasus)] Refs]; τ. τοῦ παραγγέλματος [[ 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Bellum Judaicum” 4.4.2; εἰς μακρὸν αὐτῶν γῆρας καὶ βίου μῆκος ὅμοιον τοῖς τ. ἐπερχομένων [prev. author] “AJ” 1.3.7; ἀποπαύεται οὔτε τ. ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα οὔτε βράδιον ἐτῶν πεντήκοντα 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.20, compare 48, +others] Refs 1st c.AD+]; formerly, ἐπεσκεύασαν τὸ παρόχιον,.. τ. γενόμενον γυμνάσιον [[ “IGRom.” 3.639 (Lycia, 2nd c.AD), compare 4.1517 (from Sardis), 1632.14 (from Philadelphia), 1665.5 (from Tira), Keil-Premerstein “Dritter Bericht“ p.79 (3rd c.AD), “Hermes” 63.229 (from Callatis)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; compare above 2 near the end
__C.II.1 the form ταχύτατος is rare, ταχύτατα ἅρματα [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.77 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ταχύτατα as adverb, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.1.27 codices, 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 87 codices ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but both passages have been corrected.
__C.II.2 the usual form is τάχιστος, η, ον, used by [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus only in _neuter_ _plural_ τάχιστα] Refs 8th c.BC+] as adverb, most quickly, most speedily, ὅττι τάχιστα as soon as may be, as soon as possible, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.193, 9.659, +others; ὅτι τάχιστα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1341 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.31, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; so ὅσον τ. [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 772, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1436, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ᾳ (probably) τ. [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.79 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὅπως τ. [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 605, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1410, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 167 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς τ. [[ “IG” 12.76.23, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.210, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.15, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 147, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.14 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: these are elliptically phrases, as may be seen from the following examples, ὡς δυνατόν ἐστι τάχιστα [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 710b, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.4.3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ᾗ δυνατὸν τ. [[ [prev. author] “HG” 6.3.6 ] Refs]; ὡς or ᾗ ἠδύνατο τ. [[ [prev. author] “Cyr.” 3.2.14, “An.” 1.2.4 ] Refs]; ὡς δύναιτο τ. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.79 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς or ᾗ ἂν δύνωμαι τ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.1.38, “Cyr.” 7.1.9, compare “IG” 12.106.18. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.II.2.b τάχιστα after Particles of Time, as soon as, ἐπεὶ (Ionic dialect ἐπεί τε) τάχιστα [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 201, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.27, 75, 7.163, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.2.6, “PCair.Zen.” 34.12 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπειδὴ τ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 310d, 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 9.3, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.16, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπεὰν τ. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.134, 7.129, 8.144 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπὰν τ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.6.9 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπειδὰν τ. [[ [prev. author] “Cyr.” 1.3.14, “An.” 3.1.9 ] Refs]; ὅταν τ. [[ [prev. author] “Cyr.” 4.5.33: also ὡς τ] Refs]. separated by one or more words, ὡς ἡμέρη τ. ἐγεγόνεε [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.11, compare 19, 47, 65, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.2, “Mem.” 1.2.16, +others; ὡς δὲ τ. ἐξῆλθε.. κόρον ἔτεκε “IG” 42(1).121.4 (Epid., 4th c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς γὰρ τ. εἰσῆλθον [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Περικειρομένη” 287; ὡς ἂν τ. λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν “PCair.Zen.” 241.1 (3rd c.BC); but ὡς τ. γὰρ ἀπεδήμησας [prev. work] 472.7 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὅπως τ. [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 230:] Refs 4th c.BC+] —the same notion is sometimes expressed by the participle, ἀπαλλαγεὶς τάχιστα, ={ὡς ἀπηλλάγη τ}., [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Demosthenes” 8, compare 25. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__C.II.3 frequently also in Prose, τὴν ταχίστην (in full, τὴν τ. ὁδόν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.2.20, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Rh.Pr.” 4)] Refs 5th c.BC+] as adverb, by the quickest way, i.e. most quickly, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.24, 73, 81, 86, 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Euxenippo” 7, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Περικειρομένη” 75, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.33.4, etc. (Cf. Lith. (dialogue)] Refs 5th c.BC+] deñgti, Lett. diêgt, both = 'run quickly', Polish dążyć 'hurry'.)
