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τολμ-άω,
Ionic dialect τολμέω [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.77 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Doric dialect 2nd pers. singular τολμῇς [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.35 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]: future τολμήσω [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 471 ] Refs 5th c.BC+], Doric dialect -ᾱσῶ[[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 14.67 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]: perfect τετόλμηκα [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 333 ] Refs 4th c.BC+], Doric dialect -ᾱκα[[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 5.117 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—middle, [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator “Oxy.” 1606.420 (“Bodl. Quarterly Record” 5 (1928).303)] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—undertake, take heart either to do or bear anything terrible or difficult:
__1 mostly absolutely, dare, endure, submit (see. Τλάω), ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἐτόλμα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.232 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; σὺ δ᾽ (i.e. κραδίη) ἐτόλμας [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.20; οὐδέ οἱ ἵπποι τόλμων 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.51; ἐγὼ δ᾽ ἐτόλμησ᾽ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 237, etc.; αἱ συμφοραὶ τοὺς ἡσυχίους τολμᾶν βιάζονται 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 3.2.1; τ. καὶ ἐκλογίζεσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.40 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τολμῶντες ἄνδρες[[ [prev. work] 43, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 583; χρὴ τολμᾶν.. ἐν ἄλγεσι κείμενον ἄνδρα 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 555; τόλμα κακοῖσιν [prev. author] 355, 1029; τόλμα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 82; τόλμησον [prev. work] 481: in ] Refs 6th c.BC+]participle, τολμήσας.. παρέστη he took courage and.., [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Camillus” 22, cf. NT.Mark.15.43. ] NT+1st c.AD+]
__2 with accusative of things, endure, undergo, τ. χρὴ τὰ διδοῦσι θεοί [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 591, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 333, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 872e. ] Refs 6th c.BC+]
__II with infinitive, to have the courage, hardihood, effrontery, cruelty, or the grace, patience, to do a thing in spite of any natural feeling, dare, or bring oneself, to do, εἰ.. τολμήσεις Διὸς ἄντα.. ἔγχος ἀεῖραι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.424, compare 13.395, 17.68, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.332, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 528, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 550, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 32.2, etc.; τόλμησον ὀρθῶς φρονεῖν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 999, compare 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 81, 377, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τ. κατακεῖσθαι submit to keep one's bed, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀγμῶν” 10; τ. ἀποθανεῖν NT.Rom.5.7; οὐδὲ ἀπαιτούμενοι τὸν λόγον ἐτόλμησαν ἡμῖν δοῦναι “PCair.Zen.” 330.5 (3rd c.BC).] NT+5th c.BC+]
__II.2 sometimes with participle, ἐτόλμα.. βαλλόμενος he submitted to be struck, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.162; τόλμα ἐρῶσα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 476, compare 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 442, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 756. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.3 with accusative, πόλεμον τολμήσαντα undertaking, venturing on it, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.519; [ἐσόδους] τετόλμακε 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 5.117 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τ. πάντα, δεινά, ἔργον αἴσχιστον, etc., [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 761, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 133 (_anapaest meter_), “Med.” 695, etc.; ὦ πᾶν σὺ τολμήσασα καὶ πέρα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 189; also τ. τὰ βέλτιστα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.56, 4.98; πικρὰν πεῖραν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 471 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; see at {τόλμημα}:—hence in passive, ο ἐτολμήθη πατήρ such things as my father had dared (or done) against him, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 277 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοῦτο τετολμήσθω εἰπεῖν let us take courage to say this, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 503b; τὰ τολμηθέντα 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 2.3.1; αἱ τετολμημέναι ἐπίνοιαι 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 1.674; τὰ τετ. εἰς ἐμέ “PGoodsp.Cair.” 15.3 (4th c.AD). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.4 so in active, τετολμηκυῖαι [λέξεις] daring expressions, [[ 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.341 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
