genitive τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου, etc.: the dual feminine never in Attic dialect, see ὁ, ἡ, τό, [near the start]:—demonstrative pronoun, this, common from [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus downwards ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A ORIGIN and FORMS: οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο probably arose from a reduplication of the demonstrative ὁ, ἡ, τό with insertion of -υ- (= Sanskrit Particle u), e.g. ταῦτα from τα-υ-τα: Doric dialect genitive singular feminine τούτας [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Philolaus Philosophus 11; _nominative_ _plural_ τοῦτοι, ταῦται 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Syntaxi;” 111.23: the former occurs 5th c.BC: Sophron Comicus 24, “GDI” 3045 B 6 (from Selinus), “SIG” 339.16 (Rhodes, 3rd c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+], etc., the latter is uncertain in [[ 5th c.BC: Sophron Comicus 97, certain in “SIG” 241 B 117 (Delph., 4th c.BC): in _Boeotian dialect_ all forms begin with οὑτ-] Refs 5th c.BC+], as genitive singular neuter οὕτω [[ “Supp.epigram” 3.359.11 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; accusative singular feminine οὕταν [[ 6th c.BC: Corinna Lyrica “Supp.” 2.80; _accusative_ _plural_ _neuter_ οὗτα “SIG” 1185.20 (Tanagra, 3rd c.BC), etc.: _genitive_ _plural_ _feminine_ _Attic dialect_ τούτων, Cretan dialect ταυτᾶν “Leg.Gort.” 5.19; _neuter_ ταύτων “Michel” 1334.10 (Elis, 4th c.BC).—In _Ionic dialect_ sometimes written ταότην, ταο̄τα, “SIG” 283.19 (Chios, 4th c.BC), 46.7 (Halic., 5th c.BC), +others] Refs 6th c.BC+] —In _Attic dialect_ οὗτος was frequently strengthened by the _demonstrative_ -ί, οὑτοσί, αὑτηί, τουτί, _genitive_ τουτουί, _dative_ τουτῳί, _accusative_ τουτονί; plural nominative οὑτοιί, neuter ταυτί, etc., this man here: sometimes a Particle is inserted between the pronoun and -ί, as αὑτηγί for αὑτηί γε, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 784 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τουτογί for τουτί γε, [[ [prev. author] “V.” 781, “Av.” 894, +others] Refs]; ταυταγί for ταυτί γε, [[ [prev. author] “Eq.” 492, “Pax” 1057, +others] Refs]; τουτοδί for τουτὶ δέ, [[ [prev. author] “Pl.” 227 ] Refs]; τουτουμενί for τουτουὶ μέν, [[ [prev. author] “Ra.” 965.] Refs] —In codices the ν ἐφελκυστικόν is sometimes added in the forms οὑτοσίν, οὑτωσίν, and οὑτοσίν is said to be Attic dialect by [[ 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Pronominibus;” 59.24, 82.11 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]. [This ι is always long, and a long vowel or diphthong before it becomes short, as αὑτη?~Xί, τουτω?~Xί, οὑτοῐί, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 201, “Pl.” 44, “Ach.” 40, etc.] ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B USAGE in regard to CONCOR[[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator οὗτος] Refs 4th c.BC+] is frequently used as a pronoun substantive: hence neuter is followed by genitive, κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιος [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.84; εἰς τοῦθ᾽ ὕβρεως ἐλήλυθεν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.37; εἰς τοῦθ᾽ ἥκεις μανίας [prev. author] 36.48; ταῦτα τῶν μαθημάτων 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 278b: but quite as frequently as ] Refs 5th c.BC+] adjective, in which case its substantive commonly takes the Article, οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος.—But the Article is absent,
__B.2 sometimes when the Noun is so specified that the Article is not needed, ἐς γῆν ταύτην.., ἥντινα νῦν Σκύθαι νέμονται [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.8; ταύτας ἃς οἱ πατέρες παρέδοσαν μελέτας 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.85, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 449d, etc.; πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος, ὃν θρηνεῖς ἀεί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 530. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.3 when οὗτος is used in local sense, here, see below with [[ 1.5. ] Refs]
__B.4 when the Noun with which οὗτος agrees stands as its Predicate, αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασις [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1034 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀρετή [ἐστι] [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 18a: this exception extends to cases in which the Predicate is not so distinctly separated from the Subject, αἰτίαι μὲν αὗται προυγεγένηντο] Refs 5th c.BC+] these were the grievances which already existed, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.66 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ταύτην φήμην παρέδοσαν this was the report which.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 16c: frequently with a _superlative_, κίνησις αὕτη μεγίστη δὴ.. ἐγένετο] Refs 5th c.BC+] this was notably the greatest movement which.., [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.1, compare 3.113: with πρῶτος [prev. author] 1.55, 98, 6.31, NT.Luke.2.2. ] NT+5th c.BC+]
__B.5 when 3rd pers. is used for 2nd pers. to express contempt, οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὑτοσὶ ἀνήρ, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 467b, 489b, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II though οὗτος usually agrees with the Noun that serves as Predicate, it is not rare to find it in the neuter, μανία δὲ καὶ τοῦτ᾽ ἐστί [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 305; τοῦτο γάρ εἰσι.. εὔθυναι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.82, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: and in plural, οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα ἀρχή [[ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.13; ταῦτ᾽ ἐστὶν ὁ προδότης [prev. author] 2.166 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: so with an explanatory clause added, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συκοφάντης, αἰτιᾶσθαι μὲν πάντα ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδέν [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.34. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__B.II.2 so also with a Noun in apposition, τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.159; τούτου τιμῶμαι, ἐν πρυτανείῳ σιτήσεως 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 36e, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 323.3, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.II.3 the neuter also may refer to a masculine or feminine Noun, καρπὸν φορέει κυάμῳ ἴσον: τοῦτο ἐπεὰν γένηται πέπον κτλ. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.23, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.5.10, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.4 the neuter is also used of classes of persons, μελιτοπῶλαι καὶ τυροπῶλαι: τοῦτο δ᾽ εἰς ἕν ἐστι συγκεκυφός [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 854, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 711a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; or of an abstract fact, οὐκ Ἰοφῶν ζ;—τοῦτο γάρ τοι καὶ μόνον ἔτ᾽ ἐστὶ λοιπὸν ἀγαθόν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 73. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.III with Prons.,
__B.III.1 personal, οὗτος σύ, in local sense, see below
__B.III.6 ἄλλος τις οὗτος ἀνέστη another man here, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.380. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.IV with Numerals, τέθνηκε ταῦτα τρία ἔτη these three years, [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 7.10 codices ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; [στρατείαν] ἑνδέκατον μῆνα τουτονὶ ποιεῖται for these eleven months, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 8.2, compare 3.4; τριακοστὴν ταύτην ἡμέραν 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 27; ταύτας τριάκοντα μνᾶς 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.23, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 463b, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C SIGNIFICATION AND SPECIAL IDIOMS:
__C.I this, to designate the nearer, opposed to ἐκεῖνος, that, the more remote, ταῦτα, like τὰ ἐνταῦθα, things round and about us, earthly things, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 75e (variant)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare ὅδε [near the start]: but οὗτος sometimes indicates that which is not really nearest, but most important, δεῖ.. τὸ βέλτιστον ἀεί, μὴ τὸ ῥᾷστον λέγειν: ἐπὶ ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ βαδιεῖται, ἐπὶ τοῦτο δὲ κτλ. [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 8.72, compare 51.3 and 18. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C.I.2 when, of two things, one precedes and the other follows, ὅδε properly refers to what follows, οὗτος to what precedes, οὐκ ἔστι σοι ταῦτ᾽, ἀλλά σοι τάδ᾽ ἔστι [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 787, compare ὅδε III. 2: frequently, however, where there are not two things, οὗτος] Refs 5th c.BC+] refers to what follows, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.377, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.306, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὔκουν.. τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι..; [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 379, etc. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C.I.3 οὗτος is used emphatic, generally in contempt, while ἐκεῖνος denotes praise, ὁ πάντ᾽ ἄναλκις οὗτος, i.e. Aegisthus, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 301; τούτους τοὺς συκοφάντας 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Crito” 45a; so 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator “de Coron.” uses οὗτος of Aeschines, ἐκεῖνος] Refs 5th c.BC+] of Philip; but οὗτος is used of Philip, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.15, 4.3. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C.I.3.b of what is familiar, τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνας, of the Persians, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.5.8; οἱ τὰς τελετὰς.. οὗτοι καταστήσαντες 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 69c, compare “Men.” 80a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ θυλακῶδες τοῦτο the familiar bag-like thing, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 3.7.3, compare 3.18.11, 4.7.1; οἱ τὰς κόρας ταύτας ὠνούμενοι τοῖς παισίν 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 31.153. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C.I.4 in Attic dialect law-language, οὗτος is commonly applied to the opponent, whether plaintiff (as in [[ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.130)] Refs 4th c.BC+] or defendant (as in [[ [prev. author] 1.1)] Refs]; so, in the political speeches of [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator, οὗτοι] Refs 4th c.BC+] are the opposite party, [[ 4.1, 8.7 ] Refs], etc.; but in the forensic speeches, οὗτοι frequently means the judges, the court, [[ 21.134, 36.47. ] Refs]
__C.I.5 much like an adverb, in local sense (compare ὅδε [near the start]), τίς δ᾽ οὗτος κατὰ νῆας.. ἔρχεα; who art thou here that comest.. ? [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.82 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; frequently in Attic dialect, τίς οὑτοσ; who's this here? [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1048 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πολλὰ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβατα I see many sheep here, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.5.9 (as variant): with _pronoun_ of 2 _person_, οὗτος σύ] Refs 5th c.BC+] ho you! you there! [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 532, 1121, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 1280, etc.: and then οὗτος alone like a _vocative_, οὗτος, τί ποιεῖ; 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 911,compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 71, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 773, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 240, “Nu.” 220, +others] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with a proper name, ὦ οὗτος, Αἴας [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 89; ὦ οὗτος οὗτος, Οἰδίπους [prev. author] “OC” 1627, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1364: with _vocative_, βέντισθ᾽ οὗτος 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.76:—the _feminine_ is rarer, αὕτη 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 922; αὕτη σύ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 610.] Refs 5th c.BC+] —This phrase mostly implies anger, impatience, or scorn.
__C.IV after a parenthesis, the Subject, though already named, is frequently emphatic repeated by οὗτος, οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης.., οὐδὲ οὗτος προσωτέρω.. ἔφησε ἀπικέσθαι [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.16, compare 81 (assuming variant), 1.146, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 107d, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.V καὶ οὗτος is added to heighten the force of a previous word, ξυνεστῶτες.. ναυτικῷ ἀγῶνι, καὶ τούτῳ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.55, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.147, 6.11, etc.; so οὐδὲ τούτου 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.100 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; see infr. VIII.2.
__C.VI repeated, where for the second we should merely say he or it, τοῖσιν τούτου τοῦτον μέλεσιν.. κελαδοῦντες [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1526, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 200d. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.VII ταῦτα is used in some special phrases,
__C.VII.1 ταῦτ᾽, ὦ δέσποτα yes Sir (i. e. ἔστι ταῦτα, ταῦτα δράσω, etc.), [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 142, “Pax” 275, compare “Eq.” III; so ταῦτα δή [prev. author] “Ach.” 815; ταῦτά νυν [prev. author] “V.” 1008 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so also ἦν ταῦτα even so, true, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 417. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.VII.2 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὑπάρξει so it shall be, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 78a. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.VII.3 καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα so much for that, frequently in Attic dialect, as [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 220c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.VII.4 ταῦτα at end of a formula in epitaphs, etc., probably short for ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει or ὁ βίος ταῦτά ἐστιν, e.g. οὐδὶς (= -εὶς) ἀθάνατος: ταῦτα [[ “IG” 14.420; Προκόπι ταῦτα [prev. work]1824; χαίρεται (= -τε) ταῦτα [prev. work]1479, etc.: similarly perhaps in a letter, ἂμ μὴ πέμψῃς, οὐ μὴ φάγω, οὐ μὴ πείνω. ταῦτα “POxy.” 119.15 (2nd-3rd c.AD). ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__C.VIII.1.b πρὸς ταῦτα so then, therefore, properly used in indignant defiance, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 992, 1043, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 971, 1115, 1313, “OT” 426, “OC” 455, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.VIII.2 καὶ ταῦτα, adding a circumstance heightening the force of what has been said, and that, ἄνδρα γενναῖον θανεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικός [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 627 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: but mostly with a participle, ὅς γ᾽ ἐξέλυσας ἄστυ.., καὶ ταῦθ᾽ ὑφ᾽ ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἐξειδὼς πλέον [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 37, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 704, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 241e, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; or with a participle omitted, ἥτις.. τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος (i.e. οὖσα) [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 614; so καὶ ταῦτα μέντοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Eryxias” 400b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.VIII.2.b καὶ ταῦτα anyhow, no matter what happens (or happened), ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ ταῦτα you tried, but were no good anyhow, i.e. try as you might, [[ [prev. author] “R.” 341c, compare 4th c.BC: Diodorus Comicus 3.5. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C.VIII.3 τοῦτο μέν.., τοῦτο δέ.. on the one hand.., on the other.., partly.., partly.., very frequently in [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, as 1.161, +others] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοῦτο μέν is sometimes answered by δέ only,[[ 4.76, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 670, “OC” 440 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; by δὲ αὖ, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.176 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; by ἔπειτα δέ, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 61 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; by ἀλλά, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 22.13 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; by εἶτα, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1345 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; by τοῦτ᾽ αὖθις, [[ [prev. author] “Ant.” 165. ] Refs]