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τρέφω,
[[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.52, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Doric dialect τράφω (see. entry); 1st pers. singular optative τρέφοιν [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 903 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: future θρέψω [[ “hymnus ad Venerem” 257, etc.: ] Refs]aorist 1 ἔθρεψα, Epic dialect θρέψα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.548: ] Refs 8th c.BC+]aorist 2 ἔτρᾰφον (see. infr. B): perfect τέτροφα intransitive, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.237, (συν-) 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἱερῆς νούσου” 11; but _transitive_, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 186 (Lyric poetry); also τέτρᾰφα 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 12.25h. 5:] Refs 8th c.BC+] —middle, future θρέψομαι in passive sense, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Genit.” 9, “Nat.Puer.” 23, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.49, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist ἐθρεψάμην [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.46, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 928 ] Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.:—passive, future τρᾰφήσομαι Ps.-[[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 60.32, 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 8.41 ] Refs 4th c.BC+], etc., but in early writers in middle form θρέψομαι (see. above): aorist 1 ἐθρέφθην, Epic dialect θρέφθη [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 198 ] Refs 8th c.BC+], rare in Trag. and Attic dialect, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 351, 600, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 310a; ἐθράφθη “IG” 12(9).286 (Eretria, 6th c.BC): ] Refs 6th c.BC+]aorist 2 ἐτράφην [ᾰ] [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (sed see infr. B), 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 754 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 335 (Lyric poetry), etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἔτραφεν, τράφεν, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.348, 1.251 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: perfect τέθραμμαι [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ φύσιος ἀνθρώπου” 5, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 578, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; 2nd pers. plural τέθραφθε [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 625a (but συντέτραφθε] Refs 5th c.BC+] [assuming variant] in [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.4.14)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; infinitive τεθράφθαι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 525a, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.24 (in both with see l. τετρ-). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __I thicken or congeal a liquid, γάλα θρέψαι curdle it, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.246 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τρέφε (imperfect) πίονατυρόν [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.106:] Refs 3rd c.BC+] —passive, with perfect active τέτροφα, curdle, congeal, γάλα τρεφόμενον τυρὸν ἐργάζεσθαι [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 16.32; περὶ χροΐ τέτροφεν ἅλμη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.237. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II usually, cause to grow or increase, bring up, rear, especially of children bred and brought up in a house, ὅ σ᾽ ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.283; ἥ μ᾽ ἔτεχ᾽, ἥ μ᾽ ἔθρεψε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.131, compare 12.134; εὖ ἔτρεφεν ἠδ᾽ ἀτίταλλεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.191, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.354; ἐγώ σ᾽ ἔθρεψα, σὺν δὲ γηράναι θέλω 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 908, compare “Supp.” 894; μέχρι ἥβης τ. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.46; γεννᾶν καὶ τ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 274a; τ. τε καὶ αὔξειν μέγαν [prev. author] “R.” 565c: with _accusative_ _cognate_, τ. τινὰ τροφήν τινα] Refs 8th c.BC+] bring up in a certain way, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.2; also τῶν πρώτων μαθημάτων, ἐν οἷς οἱ παλαιοὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἔτρεφον 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 16.691 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—middle, rear for oneself, θρέψαιό τε φαίδιμον υἱόν [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.368; αὐτὸν ἐθρέψαντο δράκοντες 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.46; τεκοῦσα τόνδ᾽ ὄφιν ἐθρεψάμην 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 928; οἱ γεννήσαντες καὶ θρεψάμενοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 717c; τεκὼν ἀρετὴν καὶ θ. [prev. author] “Smp.” 212a; ἔτεκον μὲν ὑμᾶς πολεμίοις δ᾽ ἐθρεψάμην ὕβρισμα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 458 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—passive, to be reared, grow up, ὅς μοι τηλύγετος τρέφεται θαλίῃ ἔνι πολλῇ [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.143; τῇ ὁμοῦ ἐτρεφόμην 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.365; ἅμα τράφεν ἠδ᾽ ἐγένοντο 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.251, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κάρτιστοι τράφεν ἀνδρῶν grew up the strongest men, [[[prev. work] 266 ] Refs]:—properly a boy was called τρεφόμενος only so long as he remained in the charge of the women, i. e. till his fifth year, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.136 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐξ ὅτου 'τράφην ἐγώ from the time when I left the nursery, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 322 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but even of pre-natal growth, ἐν σκότοισινηδύος τεθραμμένη [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 665, compare “Th.” 754 (Lyric poetry):—generally, in Trag., τραφεὶς μητρὸς εὐγενοῦς ἄπο 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1229 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὅπως πατρὸς δείξεις οἷος ἐξ οἵου τράφης[[ [prev. work] 557; κρατίστου πατρὸς.. τραφείς [prev. author] “Ph.” 3: παῖδες μητέρων τεθραμμέναι] Refs] true nurslings of your mothers, implying a reproach for unmanliness (assuming variant), [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 792 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; μιᾶς τρέφει πρὸς νυκτός art nursed by night alone, i. e. art blind, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 374. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 of slaves, cattle, dogs and the like, rear and keep them, κύνας [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.69, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.22, etc.; ἵππους 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.766 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; λέοντος ἶνιν (see. σίνις) [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 717 (Lyric poetry); μῆλα [prev. author] “Eu.” 946 (Lyric poetry); ὄφιν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 226 (conjecture for στρέφουσι); ἰκτῖνα 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 628; ὄρτυγας 5th c.BC: Eupolis Comicus 214; ὄρνιθας 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 197c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ τρέφοντες (i.e. τοὺς ἐλέφαντας) the keepers, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 571b33; τ. παιδαγωγούς 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.187; also τ. γυναῖκα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 749 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τ. [ἑταίραν], [πόρνας], keep.., [[ 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 2, 4th-3rd c.BC: Diphilus Comicus 87 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὁ τρέφων one's master, [[ 4th c.BC(?): Nicolaus Comicus 1.11, 36: _metaphorically_, αἰγιαλὸν ἔνδον τρέφει] Refs 4th c.BC+] he keeps a sea-beach in the house, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 110 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, to be bred, reared, δοῦλος οὐκ ὠνητός, ἀλλ᾽ οἴκοι τραφείς [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1123 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν τῇ σῇ οἰκίᾳ γέγονεν καὶ τέθραπται was born and bred, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 85e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Ἀγαθῖνον θρεμένον (i. e. τεθρεμμένον, ={θρεπτόν}, see at {θρεπτός} [[ 1) ἑαυτῶν “MAMA” 4.275 B (Dionysopolis, 2nd c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; Νείκην τὴν θρεμένην μου [[[prev. work]276 A (Dionysopolis, 2nd c.AD). ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__II.3 tend, cherish, τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ φίλεόν τε καὶ ἔτρεφον, of Calypso, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.135, compare 7.256 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of plants, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.53; θρέψασα φυτὸν ὥς 18.57, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.175. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.4 of parts of the body, let grow, cherish, foster, χαίτην.. Σπερχειῷ τρέφε [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.142; τῷ θεῷ [πλόκαμον] τ. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 494; ὑπήνην ἄκουρον τ. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 476 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τ. κόμην, ={κομᾶν}, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.82; [τρίχες] πολλῷ ἐλαίῳ τραφεῖσαι 2nd-1st c.BC(?): Hero Mechanicus “Belopoeica” 112: also τά θ᾽ ὕεσσι τρέφει ἀλοιφήν] Refs 5th c.BC+] things which put fat on swine, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.410; τεθραμμένη εἰς πολυσαρκίαν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.1.22. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.5 in Poets, of earth and sea, breed, produce, teem with, οὐδὲν ἀκιδνότερον γαῖα τ. ἀνθρώποιο [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.130; ἄγρια, τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.52; φάρμακα, ὅσα τρέφει εὐρεῖα χθών 11.741; ὅσ᾽ ἤπειρος.. τρέφει ἠδὲ θάλασσα 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 582; πολλὰ γᾶ τρέφει δεινά 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 585 (Lyric poetry), compare 128, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 1181; θάλασσα.. τρέφουσα πορφύρας ἰσάργυρον κηκῖδα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 959 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὃν πόντος τ., i. e. the sailors, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 1.48 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: rare in Prose, ἀεί τι ἡ Αιβύη τρέφει καινόν [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Generatione Animalium” 746b8. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.6 in Poets also, simply, have within oneself, contain, ὅ τι καὶ πόλις τέτροφεν ἄφιλον [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 186 (Lyric poetry), compare “Tr.” 817 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχαιτέραν to keep his tongue more quiet, [[ [prev. author] “Ant.” 1089; ἡ γλῶσσα τὸν θυμὸν δεινὸν τ. [prev. author] “Aj.” 1124; τἀληθὲς γὰρ ἰσχῦον τρέφω [prev. author] “OT” 356 (so in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus, τ. ἰσχυρὸν τὸ ἐλεινόν “R.” 606b); τ. νόσον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 795; ἐκ φόβου φόβον τ. [prev. author] “Tr.” 28; ἄταν [prev. author] “Aj.” 644 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἵας λατρείας.. τρέφει what services.. she has as her lot, [[[prev. work] 503 ] Refs]; ἐν ἐλπίσιν τρέφω.. ἥξειν I cherish hopes that.., [[ [prev. author] “Ant.” 897 ] Refs]; τὸν Καδμογενῆ τρέφει.. βιότου πολύπονον [πέλαγος] is his daily lot, [[ [prev. author] “Tr.” 117 (Lyric poetry, but Reiske's conjecture στρέφει is probably)] Refs]; πόνοι τρέφοντες βροτούς [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 367 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III maintain, support, τ. ἀνδρὸς μόχθος ἡμένας ἔσω [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 921, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 9.106; τοῦ τρέφοντος Ἡλίου χθονὸς φύσιν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 633; τ. τὸν πατέρα 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.13; τὴν οἰκίαν ὅλην 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 59.67; οὐ δίκαιον τρέφεσθαι ὑπὸ πατρὸς ὑὸν ἡβῶντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 568e; τὰ κτήνη χιλῷ ἐτρέφοντο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.5.25 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; γάλακτι, τυρῷ, κρέασι τ., [[ [prev. author] “Mem.” 4.3.10 ] Refs]; σίτῳ, ὄψῳ, [[ [prev. author] “Lac.” 1.3 ] Refs]; feed a patient, [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.503, 19.185] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; provide the food for an employee, σοῦ τρέφοντος αὐτόν, ἐμοῦ δὲ ἱματίζοντος αὐτόν [[ “BGU” 1647.14 (2nd c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; also τ. ἀπό τινος [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 313c, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.1.1; ἔκ τινος 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1479 (Lyric poetry), compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 372b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.2 maintain an army or fleet, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.83, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.1.9 (_passive_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τ. τὰς ναῦς [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.44, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.5.5, 5.1.24 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τ. τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων[[ [prev. work] 4.8.9; ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν τρέφεσθαι [prev. author] “An.” 7.4.11, etc. ] Refs]
__III.3 of land, feed, maintain one, τρέφει γὰρ οὗτος [ὁ ἀγρὸς].. με [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 98.2, compare 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 63, 466, +others ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__III.4 of women, feed or suckle an infant, συνεξομοιοῦται τὰ τρεφόμενα ταῖς τρεφούσαις [[ 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.88; γυνὴ τρέφουσα [prev. work] 87 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἡ τρέφουσα, ={ἡ τροφός}, [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 6.44. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__III.5 of food, nourish, τὰ Ἡρακλεωτικὰ τρέφει οὐχ ὁμοίως τοῖς ἀμυγδάλοις [[ Diocl.fragment 126, compare 117; ἡ οὐκ ἐπιτηδείως τῷ σώματι διδομένη τροφὴ οὐ τρέφει 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.49; πυρῶν.. ὅσοι κοῦφοι.. ἧττον τρέφουσι 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “Vict.Att” 6; τὸ δέρμα πᾶν αὐτοῖς ὡς ἂν ὑπὸ φλεγματώδους αἵματος τρεφόμενον οἰδαλέον γίνεται [prev. author] 18(2).118, compare 106. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__IV bring up, rear, educate, [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Fragmenta” 19, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 3.53, etc.; τῷ λόγῳ τ. καὶ παιδεύεις 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 534d; θρέψαι καὶ παιδεῦσαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 59.18; Δήμητερ ἡ θρέψασα τὴν ἐμὴν φρένα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 479 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡ θρέψασα (i.e. γῆ) the motherland, [[ 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 47 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]:—middle, ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤθεσιν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 695e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ θρεψαμένη one's motherland, [[ 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 85:] Refs 4th c.BC+] —passive, ὀρθῶς, εὖ τραφῆναι, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 401e, Alcaeus1.120e] Refs 5th c.BC+]; παιδείᾳ, ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ παιδείᾳ τ., [[ [prev. author] “Lg.” 695c, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 1.16; ἐν πολυτρόποις ξυμφοραῖς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.44; ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 172c; ἐν χλιδῇ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.54; ἐν ἐλευθερίᾳ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 175d, “Mx.” 239a; ἐν ἄλλοις νόμοις 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1327a14; ἐν φωνῇ βαρβάρῳ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 341c; πάσαις Μούσαισι “BCH” 50.444 (Thespiae, 4th c.AD). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__V the passive sometimes came to mean little more than to be, ἐπ᾽ ἐμοὶ πολέμιον ἐτράφη (i.e. τὸ γένος) [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 335 (Lyric poetry), compare “Th.” 141, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 805. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus uses an _intransitive_ ] Refs 8th c.BC+]aorist 2 active ἔτραφον in passive sense (which is to τρέφομαι, τέτροφα (intransitive) as ἔδρακον to δέρκομαι, δέδορκα, etc.), ὃς.. ἔτραφ᾽ ἄριστος [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.279; λέοντε ἐτραφέτην ὑπὸ μητρί 5.555 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τραφέμεν (Epic dialect for τραφεῖν)[[ 7.199, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.28, +others] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπεὶ τράφ᾽ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ, i. e. when he was well-grown, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.661 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—as transitive the aorist 2 is used by [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus only in 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.90, and τράφε in 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 3.53 is _Doric dialect_ ] Refs 8th c.BC+]imperfect:—ἐτράφην is perhaps post-Homeric; 3rd.pers. singular τράφη is see reading in [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.661, _1st pers._ _plural_ ἐτράφημεν and _1st pers._ _sing._ ἐτράφην ] Refs 8th c.BC+] (περ) variants in [[ 23.84; τράφη is in all codices of 3.201, 11.222, which should probably be emended from 2.661 ] Refs]; 3rd.pers. plural ἔτραφεν [[ 23.348 (variant{ἔτραφον}), 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.417 (variant{ἔτραφον})] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τράφεν in all codices of [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.251, 266, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.201, also (with see l. τράφον) in 4.723 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: the vox nihili ἐτράφεμεν, found in [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.84 ] Refs 8th c.BC+] as cited by [[ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.149, was emended by Scaliger to ἐτράφομεν] Refs 4th c.BC+]:—the reduplicate 3rd.pers. singular τέτραφ᾽ [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.279 ] Refs 8th c.BC+], 3rd.pers. plural τέτραφεν [[ 23.348 ] Refs], are ff. lines, though found in many codices Later this aorist became obsolete, except in Epic dialect imitators, as in [[ 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Hymnus in Jovem” 55, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Oppianus Anazarbensis Epicus “Halieutica - Poetae Bucolici et Didactici” 1.774. ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
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