τύραννος [ῠ], ὁ,
also ἡ (see. below 1.2), an absolute ruler, unlimited by law or constitution, first in [[ “hymnus ad Martem” 5 (unless the hymn is late)] Refs], where it is used of a god, Ἆρες,.. ἀντιβίοισι τύρανν; so ὁ τῶν θεῶν τ., of Zeus, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 736, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 564 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὦ τύραννε τᾶς ἐμᾶς φρενός, i.e. Apollo, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 217 (Lyric poetry); σὺ δ᾽ ὦ τύραννε θεῶν τε κἀνθρώπων Ἔρως 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 136 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Μὴν Τύραννος, a Phrygian deity worshipped in Attica, [[ “IG” 22.1366.2(1st c.AD), +others] Refs 1st c.AD+]; οὔ, τὴν τ. (perhaps Hera), in an oath, [[ 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 5.77 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]: first used of monarchs in the time of [[ 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus (compare τυραννίς 1) _accusative_ to Hippias 9 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator; Φίττακον ἐστάσαντο τ. 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 37 A; ἢν μή τις ἢ τ. ἢ σκηπτοῦχος ᾖ 7th-6th c.BC(?): Semonides Iambographus 7.69; λαγέτας τ. 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.85 ] Refs 7th c.BC+]; interchangeable with βασιλεύς in [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 2.4 (compare 1), 35 (compare 36)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; later, chief, princeling, [[ “OGI” 654.8 (Egypt, 1st c.BC)] Refs 1st c.BC+]; τ. ἴδιοι καθ᾽ ἕκαστον ἐμτπόριον [[ “Periplus Maris Rubri [1st c.AD]” 14: with _genitive_, Κροῖσος.. τ. ἐθνέων τῶν ἐντὸς Ἅλυος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.6 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Κλεισθένης ὁ Σικυῶνος τ., Ἱστιαῖος ὁ Μιλήτου τ., etc., [[ [prev. author] 5.67, 7.10.γ, etc.] Refs]; ὁ τῶν Κυπρίων τ. [[ 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.39 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; οἱ τ., of the Sicilian tyrants, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.14 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of the Pisistratidae, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.5.33, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 13.5, “Pol.” 1275b36, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.54, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 182c; τὸν τ. κτανέτην “Scol.” 9.3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ τ. the monarchical party, προδιδοὺς τοῖς τ. τὴμ πόλιν τὴν Ἐρυθραίων [[ “IG” 12.10.32 ] Refs]: frequently in a bad sense, δημοφάγος τ. [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 1181, compare 823, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.80, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 510b, “Plt.” 301c, “R.” 569b, etc.; ὕβρις φυτεύει τύραννον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 873 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs 6th c.BC+]