__II.2.d Grammars, to be applied or applicable, ἐπ᾽ ἀμφοτέρας τὰς διαθέσεις [[ 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Syntaxi;” 211.22, compare 217.23, +others ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__III the action in which one is beforehand is expressed by the participle agreeing with the subject, [Ἄτη] πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπ᾽ αἶαν βλάπτουσ᾽ ἀνθρώπους and is beforehand in doing men mischief, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.506 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀλλ᾽ ἄρα μιν φθῆ Τηλέμαχος κατόπισθε βαλών Telemachus was beforehand with him in striking, i.e. struck first, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.91, compare 16.383, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.368; ἔφθασέν με προαπελθὼν Χάρμος “PCair.Zen.” 16.3 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔφθησαν ἀπικόμενοι arrived first, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.136, compare 6.115 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so φ. εὐεργετῶν to be the first to show a kindness, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.3.14; ὅπως φθάσειαν βοηθήσαντες [prev. author] “HG” 7.2.14; ἔφθασαν προκαταλαβόντες 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.112; φθάνουσιν αὐτοὺς προκαταφυγοῦσαι [prev. author] 2.91; ἢν φθάσωσιν πρότερον διαφθείραντες τὸ στράτευμα [prev. author] 7.25; φ. γόνασι προσπεσὼν πατρός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 986, etc: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]participle passive is also used, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη πόλις ἁλοῦσα, i.e. it would be taken first, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.815 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἴ κε φθήῃ τυπείς shall be wounded first, [[ 16.861 ] Refs]; φθαίητε γὰρ ἂν.. ἐξανδραποδισθέντες ἣ.. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.108; μὴ φθάσωσι προεπιβουλευόμενοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.83; ἔφθη κατακωλυθείς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.6.17 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φθάνειν δεῖ πεφραγμένους τοὶς πόρους they must first be blocked up, [[ [prev. author] “Cyr.” 2.4.25: these clauses, being comparable in sense, are followed by a _genitive_, φθὰν δὲ μέγ᾽ ἱππήων.. κοσμηθέντες] Refs] were drawn up before the drivers, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.51 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; more frequently by πρὶν.. or ἢ.., ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, πρὶν οὐτάσαι [[ 16.322, compare 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.29, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.2.4; φθήσονται τούτοισι πόδες καὶ γοῦνα καμόντα ἢ ὑμῖν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.444; ἔφθης πεζὸς ἰὼν ἢ ἐγὼ σὺν νηΐ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.58 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔφθησαν ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἢ.. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.70 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔφθησαν ἐκπεσόντες πρότερον ἢ.. [[ [prev. author] 6.91. ] Refs]
__III.b in later Gr., with participle to express previous action or happening, φθάνω ὑμῖν πρότερον γεγραφηκώς I have already written to you, [[ “POxy.” 1666.3 (3rd c.AD), compare 237 vi30 (2nd c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+], etc.; ἔφθασα εἰρηκώς [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Pisc.” 29; ὡς ἔφθην εἰπών [prev. author] “Par.” 3; compare 111.2b. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__III.2 in the same sense, participle φθάς or φθάσας, Epic dialect φθάμενος, is used like an adverb with a principal Verb, ὅς μ᾽ ἔβαλε φθάμενος, for ὅς μ᾽ ἔφθη βαλών, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.119, compare 13.387, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.449 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἄλλος φθὰς ἐμεῦ κατήγορος ἔσται no other shall be an accuser before me, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.71 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀνέῳξάς με φθάσας you opened the door before me, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 1102; φθάσας προσπεσοῦμαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.9, compare 2.91, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.5.3, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; even with a participle, φθάσας.. ἁρπάσας [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.65 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; rarely participle present, φθάνοντες δῃοῦμεν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.18. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.2.b in signification [[ 111.1b, φθάσαντες ἐπληρώσαμεν αὐτούς we had ] Refs]already paid them, [[ “POxy.” 1103.6 (4th c.AD)] Refs 4th c.AD+]; but ὡσεὶ καὶ ὁμογενῆ φθάσας εἶπον as if I had said (not had already said) ὁ., [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 16.502. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__III.3 rarely with infinitive, ὁ φθάσας θαρσῆσαι he that first gains confidence, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.82 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; σπεύδειν ὅπως.. φθαίης ἔτ᾽ εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἐλθεῖν (variant{ἐλθών}) hurry to be in time to get to.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 935 (Lyric poetry), compare “Nu.” 1384 (see. infr. IV. 1)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μόλις φθάνει θρόνοισιν ἐμπεσοῦσα μὴ χαμαὶ πεσεῖν hardly manages by falling first on the seat not to fall on the ground, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1169 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; more frequently in later writers, of actions which one manages to do, does before or has done first or already, [[ 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 1.1189, 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 4.59, 61, 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.111, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.2,93, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMort.” 13.2, “Harm.” 2; ἐὰν φθάσω πρὸ τῆς τρύγης ἀνελθεῖν “PSI” 8.971.10 (3rd-4th c.AD)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἐὰν ὁ ἰατρὸς αὐτὸ φθάσῃ κενῶσαι [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 16.499 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; φθάνοντος ἤδη πυρέττειν ἐκ τεττάρων ἡμερῶν τοῦ νοσοῦντος having already begun, [[[prev. work]498] Refs]; μὴ φθάνων προσηκόντως τρέφεσθαι if he is not first suitably nourished, [[ [prev. author] 18(2).36, compare 84,103] Refs]; συμβαίνει φθάνειν ἀποθνῄσκειν τοὺς νεωτέρους the young die first, [[[prev. work]222] Refs]; εἰ φθάσαιμεν παλαιοὺς πίθους ἔχειν μεγάλους if we already have.., [[ “Geoponica” 6.3.11, compare 10.22.2, +others, 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Pronominibus;” 90.1; ἔφθακεν οὖν ταῦτα ἐψηφίσθαι καὶ τῇ βουλῇ “IG” 12(9).906.26 (Chalcis, 3rd c.AD). ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__IV with negatives,
__IV.1 with οὐ and participle (infinitive is see reading in [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1384), followed by καί or καὶ εὐθύς, of two actions following close on each other, οὐ φθάνειν χρὴ συσκιάζοντας γένυν καὶ.. ὁρμᾶν] Refs 5th c.BC+] you must no sooner get your beard than you march, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 1219 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ φθάνει ἐξαγόμενος καὶ εὐθὺς ὅμοιός ἐστι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις no sooner is he brought out than he becomes unclean, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 5.10, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1384 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἔφθημεν εἰς Τροιζῆν᾽ ἐλθόντες καὶ τοιαύταις νόσοις ἐλήφθημεν ἐξ ὧν.. no sooner had we come to Troezen than.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 19.22, compare 5.53, 8.98, 9.53 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν διαφορῆσαι τἄνδοθεν scarcely or no sooner had misfortune befallen me when.., [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.65, compare 43.69, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.86. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV.2 οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε, with participle present, express a strong exhortation or urgent command, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε τὴν ταχίστην ὀπίσω ἀπαλλασσόμενοι you could not be too quick in departing, i.e. make haste and be off, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.162 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ φθάνοιτ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἄν θνῄσκοντες make haste and die, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 936, compare 941, Alcaeus 662, “Heracl.” 721, “Tr.” 456 (troch.), “IT” 245; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτον τοῦτο πράττοντε 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 485; ἀποτρέχων οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις [prev. work] 1133 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἀγορὰν ἰὼν ταχέως οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις[[ [prev. work] 874, compare “Ec.” 118; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις λέγων 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 185e, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.3.11 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; these phrases are not to be treated as questions, compare οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι (i.e. λέγων) [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 214e, compare “Phd.” 100c, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 25.40, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Fug.” 26, “Symp.” 2, “Anach.” 14 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with participle aorist, once in [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista, “Vit.Auct.” 26. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__IV.2.b in [[ 1, 2, or 3 _person_, to express immediate futurity, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις ἀκούων you ] Refs]shall hear in a moment, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 272d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τὸ πλῆθος τούτοις τοῖς θηρίοις δουλεῦον will soon (or inevitably) be enslaved to.., [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 24.143 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; also to express what is logically inevitable, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιεν αὐτοὺς προσκυνοῦντες they will soon be (or cannot logically help) worshipping them, Aristeas 137; τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις καὶ Ἐμπεδοκλεῖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐγκαλῶν [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Fug.” 2; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι κἀμὲ μάντιν λέγων [prev. author] “Hes.” 8; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τις ἁπάσας ἀναιρῶν τὰς τοιαύτας προστασίας [prev. author] “Apol.” 11 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]: with participle aorist, [[ [prev. author] “Tox.” 2. ] Refs]
