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φθείρω,
Aeolic dialect φθέρρω Hdn.Gr. 2.303, +others; [[ 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus ] Refs 4th c.AD+] φθήρω [[ “IG” 5(2).6.17 (Tegea, 4th c.BC): _Ionic dialect_ ] Refs 4th c.BC+]imperfect φθείρεσκε [[ (δια-) 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.36 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: future φθερῶ [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.11, (δια-) 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1266, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Ionic dialect φθερέω (δια-) [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.51 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect φθέρσω (δια-) [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.625 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: aorist 1 ἔφθειρα [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 244 (troch.), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.4; poetry ἔφθερσα 3rd c.BC: Lycophron Tragicus 1402; 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus _3rd.pers._ _sing._ _optative_ (?) φθέραι “IG” 5(2).6.8 (Tegea, 4th c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect ἔφθαρκα [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 1.64, (δι-) 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 226; 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus ] Refs 5th c.BC+] participle ἐφθορκώς [[ “IG” 5(2).6.10 (Tegea, 4th c.BC): ] Refs 4th c.BC+] —middle, future φθεροῦμαι (in passive sense) [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 272, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 708, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.48 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Ionic dialect φθερέομαι (δια-) [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.108 (variant{δια-φθαρέεται}), 9.42 (variants δια-φθαρέονται, δια-φθορεῦνται)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; later φθαροῦμαι [[ 2nd c.AD: Archigenes Medicus cited in 4th c.AD: Oribasius Medicus 8.23.5 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]:— passive, future φθᾰρήσομαι [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 13, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1066b30, 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.7U., (δια-) 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 802, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+], Doric dialect -ησοῦμαι[[ 5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus 94d: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]aorist ἐφθάρην [ᾰ] [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1502, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.13, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 708c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; poetry 3rd.pers. plural ἔφθαρεν [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.36 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: also participle κατα-φθερείς [[ 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 35.13 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect ἔφθαρμαι [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 765 ] Refs 5th c.BC+], 3rd.pers. plural ἐφθάραται [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.13 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; infinitive ἐφθάρθαι [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1021b27, (δι-) 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 9.37 ] Refs 4th c.BC+], Aeolic dialect ἔφθορθαι [[ 12th c.AD: Eustathius Episcopus Thessalonicensis 790.8 ] Refs]: pluperfect 3rd.pers. plural ἐφθάρατο [[ 2nd c.AD: Appianus Historicus “Bella Civilia” 3.15, (δι-) 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.90. The _compound_ διαφθείρω] Refs 5th c.BC+] is much more frequently than the simple Verb:—destroy things, μῆλα κακοὶ φθείρουσι νομῆες [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.246 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; φ. τῶν Συρίων τοὺς κλήρους waste them, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.76, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.11, “An.” 4.7.20; τοὺς θεῶν νόμους 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1344 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰς ναῦς see reading in [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.91; τὴν πόλιν καὶ νόμους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 958c, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.5.3; εὐδαιμονίαν 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator [same place]; ἔμβρυα 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 2.163; τὸ συλληφθέν 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.60 ] Refs 5th c.BC+] (also absolutely, miscarry, [[[prev. work] 59)] Refs]; τὸν κοινὸν οἶκον Mitteis [[ “Chr.” 284.11 (2nd c.BC)] Refs 2nd c.BC+]: —passive, to be destroyed, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 25, etc.; ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ γίνεται πᾶσα ἀρετὴ καὶ φθείρεται 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1103b8; εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν φ. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]pass away, cease to be, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.5U.; δυὰς προσθέσει μονάδος εἰς τριάδα φθείρεται μηκέτι μένουσα δυάς 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 2.509 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; of animals, perish, [[ PStrassb. 24.15 (2nd c.AD). ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __2 of persons, μαψαῦραι... ναύτας φ. destroy them, [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 876 ] Refs 8th c.BC+] (but perhaps only active of signification[[ 11.4); στρατόν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 244 (troch.), “Ag.” 652 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]:—passive, [[ [prev. author] “Pers.” 272, 283 (Lyric poetry); γειτόνων πολλοὶ ἁμᾷ.. ἔφθαρεν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.36; νόσῳ ἐφθάραται Ἀθηναῖοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.13, compare 7.48; πρόρριζον ἔφθαρται γένος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 765 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔφθαρμαι I am undone! [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἥρως” 13; μὴφθαρῶσιν “PMich.Zen.” 80.4 (3rd c.BC). ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__3 corrupt, bribe, τινα [[ 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 4.73 ] Refs 1st c.BC+]; lure, entice, trap, κημοῖσι πλεκτοῖς πορφύρας φθείρει γένος [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 504 (assuming variant); φθείρει γὰρ ἡ πρόνοια τὴν ἀβουλίαν ] Refs 5th c.BC+]entices to its ruin, entraps, [[ Trag.Adesp. 484 (assuming variant)] Refs]; pervert, φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ᾽ ὁμιλίαι κακαί [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 1024:] Refs 5th c.BC+] —passive, see below [[ 11.3. ] Refs]
__3.b seduce a woman, ὑπὸ τῆς θυγατρὸς ἀδικούμενον καὶ Διονυσίου τοῦ φθείραντος αὐτὴν κιναίδου [[ “PEnteux.” 26.11 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]:—passive, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 485, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 11.153 ] Refs 5th c.BC+] (but not Attic dialect accusative to [[ 2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista 53, Moer.p.103 P.), 2nd c.AD: Artemidorus Daldianus Onirocriticus 5.17. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__4 ruin, spoil, ποσὶν φθείροντα πλοῦτον ἀργυρωνήτους θ᾽ ὑφάς, of one who treads on rich carpets, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 949 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; βαφὰς φθείρουσα τοῦ ποικίλματος, of blood, [[ [prev. author] “Ch.” 1013 ] Refs]; of a poison, ὧνπερ ἂν θίγῃ, φθείρει τὰ πάντα [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 716; φαρμάκων φθείρειν πεφυκότων τὰ σώματα 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.541 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δούλην (wet-nurse) μὴ φθείρουσαν τὸ γάλα [[ “BGU” 1058.29 (1st c.BC),compare 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.88; τοῦ σώματος (i.e. τῶν νοσούντων) φθείροντος τὸ θρέψαι δυνάμενον [prev. work] 90, compare 63, +others ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__5 τὰ μιγνύμενα τῶν χρωμάτων οἱ βαφεῖς φθείρεσθαι καὶ φθοράν τὴν μῖξιν ὀνομάζουσιν [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.393c (where μιαίνω 1 is compared). ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__II passive (compare above 1.1, 2),
__II.1 φθείρεσθε (as a curse) may you perish! ruin take you! [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.128, 5th c.BC: Sannyrio Comicus 10 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; φθείρου as an imprecation, go to the devil! be off! [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 460, “Pl.” 598, 610 (_anapaest meter_), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 610; ἐκποδὼν ἡμῖν φθείρεσθε 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 6.16:with _genitive_, φθείρεσθε τῆσδε] Refs 5th c.BC+] off from her! unhand her, let her go, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 715 (so in _future_ _indicative_, εἰ μὴ φθερῇ τῆσδ᾽ ὡς τάχιστ᾽ ἀπὸ στέγης] Refs 5th c.BC+] if thou dost not depart... [[[prev. work] 708). ] Refs]
__II.1.b with a preposition, φθείρεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς πλουσίους, of hangers-on and flatterers, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.139, compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Phocion” 21, “Eum.” 14, “Ant.” 24; εἰς ἡδονὰς ἀπὸ.. πόνων Anonymus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 4.31.84; ἀκούω σε λυρῳδοῦ γυναικὸς ἐρᾶν καὶ εἰς ἐκείνης φθειρόμενον πᾶσαν τὴν ἐφήμερον ἄγραν κατατίθεσθαι 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.18. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.2 in Medicine texts, ἡ κοιλίη φθαρήσεται will be deranged, disordered, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 13. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3 to be morally corrupted, ἐφθάρη ἡ γῆ ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ [[ LXX.Gen.6.11, cf. LXX.Hos.9.9, +others; ἔστι ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ σκηνῶν ἐν τοῖς Ἀριστοβούλου φθειρόμενος “PCair.Zen.” 37.7 (3rd c.BC); φθαρεὶς Εὔτυχος ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀρσινόης [prev. work] 620.7 (3rd c.BC)] LXX+3rd c.BC+]; but ἐν Σικυωνίαι ἐφθαρμένους is falsa lectio for{ἐν Σικυῶνι διεφθ}. (conjecture Sintenis) in [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Aratus” 40. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__II.4 of seafarers, wander, drift [[compare(above 1.2, πολύφθορος 11.2, φθορά 8), πόσον χρόνον πόντου 'πὶ νώτοις ἅλιον ἐφθείρου πλάνο; 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 774 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ναυτίλους ἐφθαρμένους sailors driven out of their course, [[ [prev. author] “IT” 276; ἱκέτας δέχεσθαι ποντίους ἐφθαρμένους [prev. author] “Cyc.” 300 ] Refs]; of shipwrecked persons, νεῶν (ἐκ νεῶν Elmsl.) φθαρέντες [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 451 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; also of travellers or wanderers by land, οὐχ ἕνα νομίζων φθείρεται πόλεως νόμον (variant{τόπον}) [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 234; ὁ Μενέλαος χρόνον πολὺν ἐφθείρετο πανταχόσε τῆς Ἐλλάδος 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 7.95 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδὲν δεῖ φθείρεσθαι περιόντα (={περιιόντα}) τὴν ἀρχὴν ἅπασαν [[ 2nd c.AD: Aristides Rhetor “Orationes” 26(14).33; ἄνω κάτω διαθέοντας τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ φθειρομένους [prev. author] 1.420 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus; τῶν μετοίκων τῶν ἐξ Ἑρμιόνης οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅπως εἰς Πειραιᾶ φθαρέντων 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.13 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; μὴ περιΐδῃς ἀγαθοὺς γείτονας εἰς στενὸν τοῦ καιροῦ φθειρομένους[[ [prev. work] 24; [Ἀλέξανδρον] ὑπὲρ τὸν Ἰνδὸν κτλ. φθειρόμενον 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 7.4.2 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; φθαρῆναι εἰς βάρβαρα ἔθνη (ἐν βαρβάροις ἔθνεσι or ἔθεσι codices) [[ 3rd-2nd c.BC: Phalaris Epistolographus “Epistulae - Epistolographi” 49 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; φθαρέντων ἐς ἀλλήλους falling foul of one another, [[ 2nd c.AD: Appianus Historicus “Praefatio” 10 (assuming variant). ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__II.5 of women, χέρσους φθαρῆναι pine away in barrenness, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1502, compare “El.” 1181 ] Refs 5th c.BC+] (unless wander, compare above [[ 11.4). (Cf. Sanskrit ] Refs]ksárati 'flow', later 'wane, perish', Avest. γζ?~Xαρ- and ζ?~Xγαρ- 'flow'.)
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STEPBible TFLSJ (Translators Formatted full LSJ Bible lexicon), CC BY 4.0, Tyndale House. Greek lexical entries from the full Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon, formatted by Tyndale House Cambridge for biblical study.
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