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φθον-έω,
aorist ἐφθόνησα, later ἐφθόνεσα [[ LXX.Tob.4.7, “JHS” 46.45 (Athens, 3rd-4th c.AD), “Anthologia Graeca” 5.303, 7.607 (6th c.AD: Palladas Epigrammaticus), 4th-5th c.AD(?): Nonnus Epicus “Dionysiaca” 3.159 ] LXX+3rd c.AD+]:—middle, future in passive sense φθονήσομαι [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 47.70 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]:—passive, fut φθονηθήσομαι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Hiero” 11.15 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist ἐφθονήθην [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 30, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.2.33, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect participle ἐφθονημένος [[ 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 6.11.10, 2nd c.AD: Vettius Valens Astrologus 330.2 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]: (φθόνος):—bear ill-will or malice, grudge, be envious or jealous,
__I absolutely, εἴ περ γὰρ φθονέω τε καὶ οὐκ εἰῶ διαπέρσαι, οὐκ ἀνύω φθονέουσα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.55, 56 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κρείττων δόξα τῶν φθονούντων too high for envy, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.24 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; εἰ πέφυκε φθονεῖν τὸ θεῖον [[compare (φθονερός 1.2) 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 982b32: with _accusative_ et] Refs 4th c.BC+]infinitive, οὔτε τινὰ φθονέω δόμεναι I do not grudge that any should give thee, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.16; οὐ φθονῶ σ᾽ ὑπεκφυγεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 553; τὸ μὲν σὸν οὐ φθονῶ καλῶς ἔχειν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 312; ἐφθόνησαν [οἱ θεοὶ] ἄνδρα ἕνα βασιλεῦσαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.109 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔφη (i.e. ὁ Σωκράτης) φθονεῖν τοῦς ἐπὶ ταῖς φίλων εὐπραξίαις ἀνιωμένους [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.9.8; ὁ φθονῶν ἐπὶ κακοῖς τοῖς τῶν πέλας ἡδόμενος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 48b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.2 with dative person, πτωχὸς πτωχῷ φθονέει καὶ ἀοιδὸς ἀοιδῷ [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 26; οὐ φ. ἀγαθοῖς 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.71; φ. φασὶ μητρυιὰς τέκνοις 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1025; τισὶ φ. καὶ δυσμενῶς ἔχειν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.241, compare 8.13 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; frequently with participle added, φ. τινὶ εὖ πρήσσοντι to envy him for his good fortune, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.236, 237; παιδικοῖς φ. οὐσίαν κεκτημένοις 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 240a, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 27.11 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; without a Noun expressed, καλῶς πράττουσι, πλουτοῦντι φ., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.26, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 21.15, etc.: with _dative_ _of things_, φ. τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς τινος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.4.10 (variant{ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀγ}.,compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.26; ἐφ᾽ οἷς ἕτεροι ποιήσαντες ἐτιμήθησαν φ. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.151): with _genitive_ _of things_, τοῦ εὐτυχέειν φθονέουσι καὶ τὸ κρέσσον στυγέουσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.236 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ ἀλλοτρίων φθονέειν to be envious because of other men's goods [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.18 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: with dative person et genitive of things, bear a grudge against a person on account of a thing, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1309. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.3 resent, with genitive, τῆς δοκήσεως τῶν κερδῶν [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.43 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with dative of things, feel righteous indignation at, ταῖς εὐπραγίαις τινῶν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 8.124; also with _dative_ _person_, [prev. author] 4.184, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 28.18. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.3.b φ. τινὶ followed by ει.., or ἐάν.. take it ill or amiss that.., [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.146, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.4.29 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μή μοι φθονήσητ᾽, ει.. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 496: _absolutely_, φ. ἐάν τις.. 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 3.9 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φθονεῖς ἄπαις οὖσ᾽, εἰ.. [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1302 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also φ. τινὶ ὅτι.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.39 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. ὅτι.. [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 24.3, uncertain reading in 18.16. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II refuse from feelings of envy or ill-will, grudge, with infinitive, οὐκ ἂν φθονέοιμι ἀγορεῦσαι [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.381; μὴ φθόνει κιρνάμεν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 5(4).24; φράσαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 63; σαυτὸν ἐπιδοῦναι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 249 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μὴ φθονήσῃς is frequently in dialogue, do not refuse to do a thing, μὴ φ. διδάξαι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 338a, compare “Hp.Mi.” 372e, “Smp.” 223a; also μὴ φθόνει μοι ἀποκρίνασθαι [prev. author] “Grg.” 489a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μὴ φθονήσῃς alone, [[ [prev. author] “Prt.” 320c; δῆλον ὅτι οὐ φθονήσει Ἱππίας ἀποκρίνεσθαι [prev. author] “Hp.Mi.” 363c; οὐδενὶ πώποτε ἐφθόνησα [prev. author] “Ap.” 33a ] Refs]: with participle, μηδέ μοι φθόνει λέγων [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 480 (nisi to be read λόγων)] Refs 4th c.BC+]: with accusative et infinitive, τί φθονέεις.. ἀοιδὸν τέρπει; [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.346 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: with dative et infinitive, τῇ δ᾽ οὐκ ἂν φθονέοιμι.. ἅψασθαι [[ 19.348; οὔτοι φθονῶ σοι δαιμόνων τιμᾶν γένος 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 236. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.2 grudge, refuse to grant a thing, φθονήσας μήτ᾽ ἀπ᾽ οἰωνῶν φάτιν, μήτ᾽ εἴ τινα.. μαντικῆς ἔχεις ὁδόν [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 310: with _dative_ _person_ et _genitive_ _of things_, οὔ τοι ἡμιόνων φθονέω 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.68; μηδέ μοι φθονήσῃς εὐγμάτων 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 583 (Lyric poetry), compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 238; μή μοι φθονήσῃς τοῦ μαθήματος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 297b, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.4.16; φ. τοῖς ἑαλωκόσι τῆς σωτηρίας 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 6.58.5 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: with genitive of things only, to be grudging of a thing, πέπλων, καρποῦ, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 333, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Menexenus” 238a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μηδ᾽ ὀλίγης φθονέσῃς γαίης [[ “JHS” [prev. cited] ] Refs]
__III passive, to be envied or begrudged, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.52, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 188, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 30; διὰ σοφίαν φ. ὑπό τινος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.2.33; ἐπ᾽ ἐσθλοῖς 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 814 (Lyric poetry); φθονηθέντα ὑπὸ Μοίρης “JRS” 18.30 (from Phrygia)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with genitive, to be grudged a thing, φ. τοῦ γάμου ὑπὸ δαιμονίου τινός [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.772b. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
