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φοβέω,
3rd.pers. plural imperative φοβεόντων [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.235 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: Ionic dialect imperfect φοβέεσκον [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 162 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: future -ήσω[[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 357 (Lyric poetry), (ἐκ-) 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.126 (uncertain)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist ἐφόβησα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.15, etc.:] Refs 8th c.BC+] —passive and middle, Ionic dialect [[ 2 singular φοβέαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.39 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Ionic dialect imperative φοβεῦ or φοβέο, [[ [prev. author] 1.9, 7.52 ] Refs]: Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural imperfect φοβέοντο [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.41 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: future φοβήσομαι [[ 22.250, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 649c, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 15.23, etc.; φοβηθήσομαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.30, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Brutus” 40, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Zeux.” 9, variant in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 470a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist passive ἐφοβήθην [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.27, etc., _Epic dialect_ _3rd.pers._ _plural_ ἐφόβηθεν or φόβηθεν, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.326, 5.498 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; aorist middle ἐφοβησάμην only [[ “Anacreontea” 31.11] Refs]: perfect πεφόβημαι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.510, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]: pluperfect 3rd.pers. plural ἐπεφόβηντο [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.4.32, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.50 ] Refs 5th c.BC+], Epic dialect πεφοβήατο [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.206. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A active, in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (never in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey”)] Refs 8th c.BC+] always in the sense put to flight, [ἴρηξ] ἐφόβησε κολοιούς [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.583 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; [Ζεὺς] καὶ ἄλκιμον ἄνδρα φοβεῖ[[ [prev. work] 689; Τρώων οὓς ἐφόβησας 22.11; φοβῆσαίτε στίχας ἀνδρῶν 17.505; σὸς δόλος.. ἐφόβησε δὲ λαούς 15.15; σέ γέ φημι.. δουρὶ φοβῆσαι 20.187; once in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus, φοβέεσκον ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ᾽ ἀνθρώπων [prev. cited] ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II terrify, alarm, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.235, etc.; μὴ φίλους φόβει 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 262; ᾧ μή 'στι δρῶντι τάρβος οὐδ᾽ ἔπος φοβεῖ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 296, compare 1013, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 572 (Lyric poetry); ἡ δύναμις τῶν νέων φοβοῦσά τινας 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.3.2; αἱ κάμηλοι ἐφόβουν τους ἵππους 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.1.48; ρὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην ἐφόβουν, μὴ.. ἐπαγάγωνται 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.45; with _dative_ modi, λόγοις 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 215 (troch.); μεγαληγορίαισι φρένας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 357 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῷ μὲν Τισσαφέρνει τοὺς Ἀθηναίους φ., ἐκείνοις δὲ τὸν Τισσαφέρνην to frighten the Athenians with T., and T. with the Athenians, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.82 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; with participle, λέγοντες φ. τινάς by saying, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 1.8; λέγοντες ὡς ἥξει βασιλεύς D 14.25: _absolutely_, πόνος ὁ μὴ φοβῶν κράτιστος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 864 (Lyric poetry), φοβήσαντες κατεστήσαντο τὴν πολιτείαν ] Refs 5th c.BC+]by terror, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 551b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 c.accusative of things, threaten with, φ. λιμόν [[ 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 6.51. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__B passive and middle, in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+] always in the sense to be put to flight (compare [[ Scholia A 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.223, +others), once in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey”, κύνες.. διὰ σταθμοῖο φόβηθεν 16.163; frequently in 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad”, ὑπέμειναν ἀολλέες οὐδὲ φόβηθεν 5.498; τοὶ δ᾽ ἐφόβηθεν.. θεσπεσίῳ ὁμάδῳ 16.294; κὰμ μέσσον πεδίον φοβέοντο βόες ὣς ἅς τε λέων ἐφόβησε 11.172 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; also participle, μὴ καὶ πεφοβημένος ἔλθης [[ 10.510, compare 15.4, 21.606; φοβηθεὶς δύσεθ᾽ ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα ] Refs]in flight, [[ 6.135; βῆ δὲ φοβηθείς 22.137: ὑπό τινος φοβέεσθαι] Refs] to flee before him,[[ 8.149; ὑπό τινι 15.637; with _accusative_, οὔ σ᾽ ἔτι.. φοβήσομαι ὡς τὸ πάρος περ 22.250. ] Refs]
__B.II to be seized with fear, be affrighted, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.70, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 1166, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+] —Constr.,
__B.II.1 absolutely, πεφόβημαι πτηνῆς ὡς ὄμμα πελείας [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 139 (_anapaest meter_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φοβηθέντες ᾤχοντο φεύγοντες flying in terror, [[ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.43 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἃ μὴ οἶδα.. οὐδέποτε φοβήσομαι οὐδὲ φεύξομαι, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 29b, etc.: with _dative_ instrum., μάστιγι φ. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 37 (_anapaest meter_): with _accusative_ _cognate_, φ. αἰσχροὺς φόβους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 360b; ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν NT.Mark.4.41; τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν μὴ φοβηθῆτε NT.1Pet.3.14. ] NT+5th c.BC+]
__B.II.2 followed by Preps., φ. ἀπό τινος to be afraid of one (probably a Hebraism), [[ LXX.Lev.26.2, LXX.Jer.1.8, NT.Matt.10.28, NT.Luke.12.4 ] LXX+NT]; ἔκ τινος from some cause, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 671 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἴς τι to be alarmed at a thing, [[ [prev. author] “OT” 980; πρός τι [prev. author] “Tr.” 1211, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Prom.Es” 4, 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Orationes” 50.18 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἐπί τινι fear for.. [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMar.” 14.4 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; but φ. ἀμφὶ γυναικί fear about.., [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.62; περὶ ἡμῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.35, etc.; περί τινι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 275b (περὶ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς τὸ κατάδηλον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.123); περὶ χωρίῳ [prev. author] 2.90; ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.36; περί τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 404e; πρὸς ἀνδρὸς ἢ τέκνων 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 150. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.3 followed by a relative clause, φοβεῑσθαι μὴ.. fear lest a thing will be.., [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 770 (troch.), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 606 (troch.), 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.95, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. ὅπως μὴ.. [[ [prev. author] 6.13, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.9.3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. μὴ οὐ.. [[ [prev. author] “Oec.” 16.6 ] Refs]; frequently c.accusative followed by μή, ταῦτ᾽ οὖν φοβοῦμαι, μὴ.. [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 550, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.1.2 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. τοὺς οὐσίαν κεκτημένους, μὴ.. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 232c, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.88, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. ὑπέρ τινος, μὴ.. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 387c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; with infinitive followed by μή, φοβοίμην ἂν τῷ ἡγεμόνι ἕπεσθαι, μὴ ἀγάγῃ κτλ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.17, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 143e, “Grg.” 457e: also φ. ὅτι..,] Refs 5th c.BC+] ={φ. μὴ}.., in a more positive sense, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.1, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 52.26 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. τόδε, ὅτι.. [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.67 (but φ. τὸ κάεσθαι, ὅτι ἀλγεινόν because.., 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 479a)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: διὰ τοῦτο φ. τινας, ὅτι.. Isocrates [[ 6.60 ] Refs]; less frequently φ. ὡς.. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.12; φ. πῶς χρὴ.. [prev. work] 4.5.19; φ. εἰ δεήσει.. [prev. work] 6.1.17. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.4 with infinitive with Article, φ. τὸ ἀποθνῄσκειν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 522e, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: more frequently with infinitive alone, fear to do, be afraid of doing, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 46 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 253 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 628, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with infinitive future, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.105. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.5 with accusative person, stand in awe of, dread, δαίμονας τοὺς ἐνθάδε [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 893; στρατὸν Ἀχαιῶν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1250; τοὺς ἄνω θεούς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 927b, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.16, etc.; τὰς κύνας 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 5.16, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.6 with accusative of things, fear or fear about a thing, βρόμον [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 476; τὸ προσέρπον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 227 (Lyric poetry); μέμψιν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 1057; τὸ τοιοῦτον σῶμα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 239d; δουλείαν καὶ δεσμόν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.24. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.7 with genitive, πεφοβημένος νυκτός, θαλάσσης, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 290, 766. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__B.II.8 with participle, προδιδοὺς φοβηθείς [[ 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 17. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
