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Gloss
to keep/guard: observe
φῠλάσσω,
Attic dialect φυλάττω, Epic dialect infinitive φυλασσέμεναι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.312, 419 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; poetry imperfect φύλασσε [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Pae.” 6.91 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: future φυλάξω [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.195, etc.: ] Refs 8th c.BC+]aorist ἐφύλαξα, Epic dialect φύλ- [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.686, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]: perfect πεφύλᾰχα [[ 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 10.408f, (δια-) 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.6.3 (-πεφυλακ- codices), 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 1.9 (-πεφυλακ- codices), (παρα-) 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 632a; πεφύλακα LXX.1Ki.25.21, 5th c.BC: Arg. Euripides Tragicus “Med.” (πεφυλακέναι and πεφυκέναι codices)] LXX+5th c.BC+]:—middle, future -άξομαι[[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 205, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1012, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 831, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also in passive sense, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 48, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 4.9 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist ἐφυλαξάμην [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.130 (variant), 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 3.4.7, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, future -αχθήσομαι[[ 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “Ars Rhetorica” 5.6, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 1.426] Refs 1st c.BC+]: aorist ἐφυλάχθην [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Pisc.” 15 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]: perfect πεφύλαγμαι [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 472.19 (_anapaest meter_), compare below with 1, 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Orationes” 54.74 (in _passive_ sense)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; imperative, only in middle sense in early writers, πεφύλαξο [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 797, Oracle texts cited in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.148 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; participle, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.343, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A absolutely, keep watch and ward, keep guard, especially by night, ἀνίη καὶ τὸ φυλάσσειν πάννυχον ἐγρήσσοντα [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.52; οὐδ᾽ ἐθέλουσι νύκτα φυλασσέμεναι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.312, compare 419, 421 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἰ μέν κ᾽ ἐν ποταμῷ δυσκηδέα νύκτα φυλάσσω [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.466, compare 22.195 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; (middle, see below c); σὺν κυσὶ.. φυλάσσοντας περὶ μῆλα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.303; αὐτοῦ φ. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 243; τὴν μὲν ἡμέραν κατὰ διαδοχὴν φ. τὴν δὲ νύκτα καὶ ξύμπαντες 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.28; ἐφύλαττον περὶ τὰ βασίλεια 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.68; οἱ φυλάττοντες 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 10.34 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; φ. τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις keep watch for.., [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.53; κατὰ θάλατταν ἐφύλαττεν ὅπως μηδὲν εἰσπλέοι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.4.29 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. ἕως.. watch or wait till.., [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.15 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. πηνίκα.. [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.308: with _accusative_ _cognate_, φυλακὰς φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.6.10, NT.Luke.2.8. ] NT+5th c.BC+]
__A.2 to be on one's guard, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.135. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B transitive, watch, guard, defend, ἀθανάτων ὅστις σε φυλάσσει [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.35, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.417, +others] Refs 8th c.BC+]; σύας, μῆλα, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.593, 12.136; τὴν ἑωυτῶν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.46; πόλιν φ. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 136 (Lyric poetry), “IG” 12.108.46; πύλας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 950; σε φυλάττοι Ζεύς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 499 (_anapaest meter_); βρέτας ἧσαι φυλάσσων 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 440 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; φ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τῶν δυσχωριῶν guard one from.. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.7 (but τὴν γραῦν φ. ἀπὸ τῶν κεραμίων] Refs 5th c.BC+] keep away from.., [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Σαμία” 87)] Refs 4th c.BC+]: with accusative et infinitive, τοὐμὸν φυλάξει ὀ ὄνομα μὴ πάσχειν κακῶς [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 667; ὁ νόμος φ. μὴ ἅπτεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 838b; φ. μηδένα περαιοῦσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.17; φ. τὸ μηδὲν ἐναντίον γενέσθαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.313 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: followed by a relative clause, φ. ἑαυτὸν ὅπως μὴ ἀδικήσει [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 480a; φύλαττέ με μὴ παρακρούσωμαί σε [prev. author] “Cra.” 393c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. τινά, εἰ.. [[ [prev. author] “Smp.” 220d ] Refs]:—passive, to be watched, kept under guard, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.45, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.4.27. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.2 watch for, lie in wait or ambush for, αὐτὸν ἰόντα λοχήσομαι ἠδὲ φυλάξω ἐν πορθμῷ Ἰθάκης [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.670; νόστον φ. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.251 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; φ. τὸ σύμβολον look out for the signal-fire, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 8; τοὺς πολεμίους 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Respublica Lacedaemoniorum” 12.2; φ. τοὺς παράνομα γράφοντας 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 58.34 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; keep a watch on, [τινα] [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.6; τοὺς παραβαίνοντας 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1289a19. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.2.b especially watch, wait for, observe an appointed time or a fixed event, τὴν κνρίην τῶν ἡμερέων [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.48; φ. τὴν ἡμέραν 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.37 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φυλάξαντες νύκτα wait for night, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.3; φυλάσσουσι γραφόμενοι τὸ ἀποβαῖνον 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.82; τοὺς ἐτησίας 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.31 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with a participle added, δείλην ὀψίην γινομένην φυλάξαντες [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.9: φ. Ξέρξην.. δεῖπνον προτιθέμενον [prev. author] 9.110 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀριστοποιουμένους φ. τοὺς στρατιώτας
__D [[ 23.165: followed by a _relative_ clause, φ. ὅ τι χρήσεται.. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.12. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__D.3 metaphorically, preserve, maintain, cherish, [χόλον] [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.30; αἰδῶ καὶ φιλότητα 24.111; ὅρκια 3.280 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; φ. ἔπος observe a command,[[ 16.686; φ. ῥῆμα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 2.9; τελετάς [prev. author] “O.” 3.41; νόμον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 616; τοὺς νόμους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 292a, compare “Grg.” 461d, etc.; τὸ σὸν πιστόν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 626; τὰς συνθήκας 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 17.20; τὰ τοῦ γάμου δίκαια “POxy.” 905.9 (2nd c.AD)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; λόγον πρός τινα [[ “PFlor.” 56.21 (3rd c.AD, _passive_)] Refs 3rd c.AD+]; φ. σιγήν [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 542 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ γὰρ ἀπειλὰς ὑμετέρας ἐφύλαξα I regarded not your threats, [[ 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Hymnus in Delum” 204 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; φ. σκαιοσύναν cling to it, foster it, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1213 (Lyric poetry); ἄξια ἤθη 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 736; φ. τῇ μνήμῃ τὰ λεχθέντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 783c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. τὸν θυμόν[[ [prev. work] 867a; τὴν τιμωρίαν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.40; φ. καὶ ταμιεύειν πάντα τινί 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 19.40; τὸ μέρος τοῖς θεοῖς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.3.4 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τἀγαθά, opposed to κτήσασθαι, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 1.23; μᾶλα ἐν κόλποισι 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 2.120, compare 7.64; εἰ μὴ φυλάσσεις μίκρ᾽, ἀπολεῖς τὰ μείζονα 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Μονόστιχοι - Fragmenta Comicorum Graecorum” 172; ἀθάνατον ἔχθραν μὴ φύλαττε [prev. work] 4 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: with a predicate added, φ. τινά δεδεμένον [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.47; ἀδέκαστον φ. τὴν διάνοιαν 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Thucydide” 34; ἀκύμααντον τὸ πέλαγος 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMar.” 5.1:] Refs 5th c.BC+] —passive, ὅσος παρ᾽ ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάττεται is fostered by.., [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 382. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__D.4 keep in a place, continue in, τόδε δῶμα φυλάσσοις, ἀθάνατός τ᾽ εἴης [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.208. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__D.5 notice, observe, Ath. [prev. cited]
__D.6 maintain, hold fast to a view, τινὰ σπουδαῖον εἶναι [[ 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 1.4.9. ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__D.7 with accusative, beware of, avoid, ἅπαντα ταῦτα φυλάττειν κελεύει [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 18(2).791. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__D.8 φ. μὴ with subjunctive, take care lest.. [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 145 (_anapaest meter_), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 154d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. ἐμὲ καὶ τηρεῖν ὅπως μή.. [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.276. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__D.9 middle, φυλάξασθε τοῦ ἀγαπᾶν Κύριον be careful to.., [[ LXX.Josh.23.11. ] LXX]
__C.I absolutely, to be on one's guard, keep watch, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 769; used by 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+] only in participle, νύκτα φυλασσομένοισι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.188 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πεφυλαγμένος εἶναι to be cautious, prudent,[[ 23.343, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.5.9; φυλαττομένους πορεύεσθαι ] Refs 5th c.BC+]with caution, [[ [prev. author] “Cyr.” 5.2.30, compare “Cyn.” 10.10. ] Refs]
__C.I.2 with accusative, keep a thing by one, bear it in mind or memory, [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 263, 561 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; more fully, ἐν θυμῷ δ᾽ εὖ πάντα φυλάσσεο[[ [prev. work] 491; φρεσί “hymnus ad Apollinem” 544, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.40; τὰ λελεγμένα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1012. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.3 guard, keep safe, καὶ κεφαλὴν πεφύλαξο Oracle texts cited in [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.148. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.4 with genitive, φυλάσσεσθαι τῶν νεῶν μὴ ξυντρίψωσιν act cautiously with regard to the ships, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.11 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; beware of, τῶν εὖ φύλαξαι [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 161 (Lyric poetry); Ἄρκτοι πεφυλαγμέναι ὠκεανοῖο 4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 48; πεφύλαξο παντοίων ἀνέμων [prev. author] 930. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.II φυλάσσεσθαί τι or τινα to beware of, be on one's guard against, avoid a thing or person, [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 27, etc.: ταῦτα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.108, 7.130, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 4 ] Refs 7th c.BC+]; τινας [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 715, 804; τοὺς Ἀτρείδας εἰσορῶν φυλάξομαι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 455; τέττιξ ποιμένας.. πεφυλαγμένος 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 16.95. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.II.b ἐφυλαξάμην διαλέκτους I put in as a precaution 'except in dialects', [[Hdn.Gr. 2.932. ] Refs]
__C.II.2 φ. πρός τι [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.69; ἀπό τινος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.3.9, “HG” 7.2.10. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.II.3 with infinitive, φυλάξομαι δὲ τάσδε μεμνῆσθαι.. ἐφετμάς [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 205, compare 1st c.BC(?): Ocellus Lucanus Philosophus 4.13; φ. μηδὲν ἐξαμαρτεῖν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.108, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 25.11; φ. μηδένα βαλεῖν 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 3.4.7 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but also without μή, ἵνα.. τις ὕστερον φυλάσσηται ἐπὶ γῆν τὴν σὴν στρατεύεσθαι [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.5; φ. τὸ λυπῆσαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.258; φ. ὁρᾶσθαι 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 611a28, compare 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 1.70; λέγειν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica ad Alexandrum” 1441b20:—two constructions joined, δισσὰ γὰρ φυλάσσεται [ψυχή], φίλων τε μέμψιν κἀς θεοὺς ἁμαρτάνειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 472. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.II.4 φ. μή followed by subjunctive, take care lest.., τούτου φυλάσσου μή ποτ᾽ ἀχθεσθῇ κέαρ [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 392, compare “Supp.” 498, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 67, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 257, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.2.16, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so φ. ὅπως μή.. [[ [prev. author] “Mem.” 1.2.37; ἃς ἐγὼ φυλάξομαι.. μὴ κατουρήσωσί μου 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 831, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.2.14. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
