STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones: χαλεπός

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harsh

χαλεπ-ός, ή, όν,

difficult (ὃ ἂν μὴ ῥᾴδιον ᾖ ἀλλὰ διὰ πολλῶν πραγμάτων γίγνηται [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 341d: opposed to ῥᾴδιος, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1363a24, in various relations): ] Refs 5th c.BC+]

__I in reference to the feelings, hard to bear, painful, grievous (so frequently in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus), κεραυνός 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.417; θύελλα 21.335; ἄνεμοι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.286; πόνος 23.250; ἄλγος, πένθος, 2.193, 6.169; γῆρας 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.103; ἄλη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.464; χαλεπώτερος ἄεθλος 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 800 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἄλλα τῶν κατεχόντων πρηγμάτων - ώτερα [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.40; χ. πνεῦμα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 166 (Lyric poetry); δύα [prev. author] “Th.” 228 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χαλεπώτατα [πράγματα] [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1273 (_anapaest meter_); συμφορά 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 768 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; νόσος, πλάνη, etc., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 4.37, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Sophista” 245e (_comparative_), etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ ἐσβολὴ αὕτη -ωτάτη τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐγένετο [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.26 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; [θώρακες] δύσφοροι καὶ χ., of ill-fitting cuirasses, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.10.13: τὸ χ. τοῦ πνεύματος] Refs 5th c.BC+] the severity of the wind, [[ [prev. author] “An.” 4.5.4 ] Refs]; τὰ χ. hardships, opposed to τὰ τερπνά, [[ [prev. author] “Mem.” 2.1.23, etc.; τερπνῶν χαλεπῶν τε κρίσις 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 131, compare 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 5.9.14 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: comparative, more unpleasant, [[ 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 6.202c. ] Refs 4th c.AD+]

Browse lexicon entries

__I.2 hard to do or deal with, difficult, irksome, -ώτατον ἔργον ἁπάντων [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 516 (_anapaest meter_); compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.59 (_superlative_), etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χαλεπὰ τὰ καλά proverbial cited in [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Hp.Ma.” 304e, +others] Refs 5th c.BC+], attributed to Solon by Scholia (at [prev. work]); χαλεπὸν ὁ βίος [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.9.1, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 299e: with ] Refs 5th c.BC+]infinitive active or middle, χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι, = {χαλεπόν ἐστί μοι ἀντιφέρεσθαί σοι}, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.482; χαλεποὶ δὲ θεοὶ φαίνεσθαι ἐναργεῖς 20.131 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; χαλεπὸν δέ τ᾽ ὀρύσσειν [τὸ μῶλυ] [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.305; χ. προϊδέσθαι καπρός 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 386; χ. ἔρις ἀνθρώποις ὁμιλεῖν κρεσσόνων 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 10.72; χ. προσπολεμεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.138, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.51 (_comparative_)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; χ. συγγενέσθαι, εὑρεῖν, γενέσθαι, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 330c, 412b, 502c; χ. πάσχειν [prev. author] “Cri.” 49b (_comparative_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: also with infinitive passive, χαλεπὸς διαγνωσθῆναι καὶ δειχθῆναι [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.1.1, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.94, etc.; χαλεπὸν ληφθῆναι ὁ τόπος 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 212a8 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χαλεπόν [ἐστι] with infinitive, 'tis hard, difficult to do, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.651 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; with accusative et infinitive, 'tis difficult for one to do.., [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.620, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.313 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: with dative et infinitive, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.184, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.156. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]