χᾰλῑνός
(Aeolic dialect χάλιννος probably in [[ “Etymologicum Gudianum” 561.5)] Refs], ὁ, irregular plural χαλινά [[ 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 4.1607, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Oppianus Anazarbensis Epicus “Halieutica - Poetae Bucolici et Didactici” 1.191, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.613c, 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.100, etc.] Refs 3rd c.BC+]:—bit, once in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἐν δὲ χαλινοὺς γαμφηλῇς ἔβαλον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.393; χαλινὸν ἐμβαλεῖν γνάθοις 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 492; χ. ἐξαιρεῖται 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 3.2 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of the horse, χ. οὐκ ἐπίσταται φέρειν (metaphorically of Cassandra) [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1066 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; χ. δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 3.2, 6.10 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; λαβεῖν, ἔχειν, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1393b16, 21 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; τὸν χ. ἐνδακεῖν champ the bit, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 254d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of the rider, δοτέον τὸν χ. one must give a horse the rein, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 10.12 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὀπίσω σπάσαι, ξυνέχειν ἀνάγκῃ, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 254e, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DDeor.” 25.1; [χ.] εἰς ἄκρον τὸ στόμα καθιέμενος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 6.9.] Refs 5th c.BC+]—Expld. of the bit, opposed to reins (ἡνίαι), by [[ 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 1.148; so ἡνίας τε.. καὶ χ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 601c; χ. τινα χαλκεῖ ἐκδιδόντα σκευάσαι [prev. author] “Prm.” 127a; κατὰ [τὸν κυνόδοντα] ἐμβάλλεται ὁ χ. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 576b18, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 123 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1067 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but distinguished from στόμιον by [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.215, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 207 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 6.9, 10.9, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; and may be used generally for bit and bridle, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.118, 4.64, “IG” 12.374.176, “PCair.Zen.” 659.11 (3rd c.BC). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]