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χρεία
(written χρέα [[ “PCair.Zen.” 25.2, 148 (3rd c.BC))] Refs 3rd c.BC+], Ionic dialect χρείη [[ Callias Epigrammaticus in “PSI” 11.1216.43 ] Refs], ἡ: (χράομαι, κέχρημαι):— need, want, χρείας ὕπο [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 287 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἵν᾽ ἕσταμεν χρείας considering in what great need we are, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1443 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χρείᾳ πολεμεῖν to war with necessity, [[ [prev. author] “OC” 191 (_anapaest meter_)] Refs]: with genitive, want of.., φαρμάκων χρείᾳ κατεσκέλλοντο [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 481; ἐν χρείᾳ τύχης [prev. author] “Th.” 506 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐν χρείᾳ δορός in the need or stress of war, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 963; φορβῆς χρείᾳ [prev. author] “Ph.” 162 (_anapaest meter_), compare 1004: ἵππων ἡμῖν χρεία μὲν οὔτε τις πολλῶν οὔτε πολλή [ἐστιν] 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 834b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἦ μὴν ἔτ᾽ ἐμοῦ χρείαν ἕξει will have need of my help, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 170 (_anapaest meter_)] Refs 4th c.BC+], cf. Call.[same place]; ἀφίκοντο εἰς χρείαν τῆς πόλεως came to feel the need of its assistance, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Menexenus” 244d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἰατρῶν ἐν χρείαις ἐσόμεθα, ἐν χρείᾳ ἡγεμόνος εἶναι, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 373d, 566e; ὅτου σε χ. ἔχει 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 646 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so τίς χ. σ᾽ ἐμοῦ [ἔχει]; [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 976, compare χρεώ 1.2: χρείαν ἔχω,] Refs 5th c.BC+] with infinitive, [[ NT.Matt.3.14 ] NT] (followed by (ίνα, [[ NT.John.2.25); significations 1.1 and 111 in the same sentence, οὐχ οὕτως χ. ἔχομεν τῆς χ. παρὰ τῶν φίλων ὡς.. 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Gnomologium Vaticanum - Kleine Schriften” 34: proverbial, χ. διδάσκει, κἂν βραδύς τις ᾖ, σοφόν] NT+4th c.BC+] 'necessity is the mother of invention', [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 715, compare “El.” 376, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 263: _plural_, αἱ χρεῖαι τολμᾶν βιάζονται 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 3.2.1; αἱ τοῦ σώματος χ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.12.5; πρώτη γε καὶ μεγίστη τῶν χ. ἡ τῆς τροφῆς παρασκευή 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 369d; αἱ ἀναγκαῖαι χ. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 23.148, compare 45.67 (_sing._); πολεμικαὶ χ. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1328b11. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__2 want, poverty, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 175 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 420, etc.; διὰ τὴν χ. καὶ τὴν πενίαν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 534 (_anapaest meter_). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__3 a request of necessity, opposed to ἀξίωσις (a claim of merit), [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.37, compare 33 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: generally, request, τὴν πρίν γε χ. ἠνύσασθ᾽ ἐμοῦ πάρα [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 700 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; κἀγὼ.. τοιάνδε σου χ. ἔχω make such a request of or to thee, [[ [prev. author] “Ch.” 481. ] Refs]
__II business, ὡς πρὸς τί χρεία; for what purpose? [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1174, compare 1435; χρῆσθαί τινι χρείαν ἣν ἂν ἐθέλωσι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 868b; δοῦναι ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν χ. 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 8.16.11. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.b especially military or naval service, ἡ πολεμικὴ χ. καὶ ἡ εἰρηνική the employments of war and of peace, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1254b32 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; αἱ κατὰ θάλατταν [χ.], ἡ ἐν τῇ γῇ χ., [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 6.52.1, 31.21.3 ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν χ.[[ Aristeas 110, LXX.1Mac.12.45; οἱ πρὸς ταῖς χ. LXX.Jdt.12.10; οἱ ἐπὶ χρειῶν τεταγμένοι “BGU” 543.1 (1st c.BC)] LXX+1st c.BC+]; in military sense, action, engagement, αἱ κατὰ μέρος χ. [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.84.7, +others ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__II.c generally, business, employment, function, [[ [prev. author] 3.45.2, etc.] Refs]; ἡ ἐγκεχειρισμένη χ. the duty assigned, [[ “PTeb.” 741.11 (2nd c.BC)] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; οὓς καταστήσομεν ἐπὶ τῆς χ. ταύτης [[ NT.Act.6.3; χ. πολιτικαί 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Marius” 32, etc. ] NT+1st c.AD+]
__II.d a business, affair, matter, like{χρέος}, [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 2.49.9, +others] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων χ. the study of these things, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.29U. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.e χ. ἀναγκαία need of nature, [[ 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 4.33; τροφῆς χ. 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 2.472. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__III.1 as a property, use, advantage, service, χρείης εἵνεκα μηδεμιῆς [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 62; τῆς χ. τοῦ παιδὸς ἀποστερηθῆναι 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 3.3.4; ἡ χ. τῆς ῥητορικῆς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 480a; πωλοῦντες τὴν τῆς ἰσχύος χ. [prev. author] “R.” 371e ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; χρείαν ἔχειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις to be of service to mankind, [[ [prev. author] “Smp.” 204c ] Refs]; τὰ οὐδὲν εἰς χρείαν things of no use or service, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator “Prooemia” 56.3 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; χρείαν ἔχει εἴς τι is of service towards.., [[ 3rd c.BC(?): Sosipater Comicus 1.41; for 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 725, see at {ἐρευνάω} 1: _plural_, χρεῖαι.. φίλων ἀνδρῶν] Refs 5th c.BC+] services rendered by them, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 8.42 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χρείας παρέχεσθαι render services, Decrees cited in [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.84, “IG” 22.654.15, compare 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.16.8 (_sing._)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἵνα σοι τὰς χ. παρέσχωμαι (sic) [[ “PCair.Zen.” 498 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; μεγάλην παρεῖχε χ. τοῖς κοινοῖς πράγμασιν [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.97.4 ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; παρέχειν χ. to be serviceable, useful, [[ Aristo Stoic. 1.79; ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακόσια χρειῶν γένη παρέχον δένδρον 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.724e; χ. ναυτικαί ] Refs 1st c.AD+]equipments, [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 2.10. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__III.2 as an action, using, use, κτῆσις καὶ χ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.4.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 451c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν χρείᾳ εἶναι in use, [[ [prev. author] “Phd.” 87c ] Refs]; κατὰ τὴν χ. for use, [[ [prev. author] “R.” 330c; πρὸς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην χ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.2.25 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ χ. τῶν λόγων the employment of words, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Sophista” 239d, compare “Plt.” 272d: _plural_, λάμπει γὰρ ἐν χρείαισιν ὥσπερ.. χαλκός] Refs 5th c.BC+] is made bright by constant use, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 864. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV of persons, familiarity, intimacy, τινος with one, [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.63 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: generally, any relation of business or intercourse, ἐν χρείᾳ τινὶ τῇ πρὸς ἀλλήλους [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 372a; ἡ πρὸς ἀλλήλους χ. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1376b13; [Νικόμαχος] συνεβίω Ἀμυντᾳ.. ἰατροῦ καὶ φίλου χρείᾳ ] Refs 5th c.BC+]in the relationship, capacity, [[ 3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 5.1. ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__V Rhet., pregnant sentence, maxim, frequently illustrated by an anecdote, Sen.[[ “Ep.” 33.7, 2nd c.AD: Hermogenes Rhetor “προγυμνάσματα” 3, Aphthon, “Prog.” 3, 1st-2nd c.AD(?): Theon Rhetor “Progymnasmata - Rhet.” 5, etc.] Refs 1st c.AD+]: plural, title of works by Zeno [[(3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 6.91), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristippus Philosophus, etc.; by 3rd c.BC: Macho Comicus ] Refs 5th c.BC+], a collection of sayings of courtesans, [[ 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 13.577d; ἡ τοῦ Κλεομένους χ. 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.218a; χρεῖαι καὶ ἱστορίαι [prev. work]78f. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
