ψευδής, ές
(the neuter singular ψευδές is not found in early writers, ψεῦδος being used instead, compare ψεῦδος 111; it is found in later Gr., [[ “OGI” 669.54 (Egypt, 1st c.AD), 4th c.AD: Palaephatus Paradoxographus 6, +others, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 18(2).782); _genitive_ _sing._ ψευδοῦς [prev. author] 15.168 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; old Attic dialect accusative plural ψευδᾶς [[ “IG” 12.700 ] Refs]: (ψεύδομαι):— lying, false, untrue, of things, opposed to ἀληθής, ψ. λόγοι [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 229; μῦθοι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 685, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1288 (_anapaest meter_)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τρέπεσθαι ἐπὶ ψευδέα ὁδόν to betake oneself to falsehood, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.117 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. κατηγορία, αἰτίαι, false charges, [[ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.183, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.138, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 5.41.3; λόγοι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 526; λόγος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Sophista” 240e, “Cra.” 385b: ψ. λόγοι] Refs 5th c.BC+] are also fallacies, in Logic, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Topica” 162b3ff ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἥδε ἡ ψ. οὐσία this unreal Being (i.e. the world of sense), [[ 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 5.8.9 ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]: irregular superlative ψευδίστατος, εἴδη [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 14.37. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__2 of persons, lying, false, and as substantive, liar, οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ ψευδέσσι πατὴρ Ζεὺς ἔσσετ᾽ ἀρωγός [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.235 (only here in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; perhaps ψεύδεσσι from ψεῦδος[[ is the true accent; so Hermappias cited in Hdn.Gr. 2.45 against 3rd-2nd c.BC: Aristarchus Grammaticus and Ptol.Asc. [prev. passage]); τοὺς θεοὺς ψευδεῖς τίθης 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 992, compare “Ant.” 657; ψ. ἔφυς 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1608 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. φανήσεσθαι to be detected in falsehood, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.27, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 148b; Κριτίαν ψευδῆ ἐπιδείξω [prev. author] “Chrm.” 158d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: irregular superlative ψευδίστατος arrant liar, [[ EM 110.29, compare 12th c.AD: Eustathius Episcopus Thessalonicensis 1441.25. ] Refs]