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ψῆφος,
Doric dialect ψᾶφος, Aeolic dialect ψᾶφαξ, ἡ, genitive plural ψηφάων [[ 4th c.AD(?): Manetho Astrologus 4.448 ] Refs 4th c.AD+]: (ψάω):—a small round worn stone, pebble, ψᾶφος ἑλισσομένα [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).9; οὐκ ἂν εἰδείην λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν [prev. work] 13.46 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψήφῳ μούνῃ διατετρανέεις, opposed to μόγις ἂν λίθῳ παίσας διαρρήξειας, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.12 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. ἄμμου a grain of sand, [[ LXX.Sir.18.10. ] LXX]
__2 precious stone, gem, [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vita Apollonii” 3.27 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; especially worn in a ring, [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMeretr.” 9. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__II accusative to the various uses made of such pebbles:
__II.1 pebble used for reckoning, counter, λογίζεσθαι ψήφοις calculate or reckon by abacus, cipher, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.36, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: hence to reckon exactly or accurately, opposed to ἀπὸ χειρὸς λ., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 656 (_anapaest meter_); οὐ τιθεὶς ψήφους 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.229; ἐν ψήφῳ λέγειν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 570; ἐν ψήφου λόγῳ θέσθαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 309: _metaphorically_, ταῖς τοῦ συμφέροντος ψήφοις μετρεῖν τὰς ἔχθρας καὶ τὰς φιλίας 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 2.47.5: hence ψῆφος] Refs 5th c.BC+] itself for a cipher, number, πὸτ ἄρτιον (i.e. ἀριθμὸν) ποτθέμειν.. ψᾶφον [[ 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 170 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: plural, accounts, καθαραὶ ψ., where there is an exact balance, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.227; οἱ περὶ τὰς ψ. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]calculators, [[ 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.26; ψήφων ἄπειρος 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.812e ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; δακτυλικὴ ψ. reckoning on the fingers, [[“Anthologia Graeca” 11.290 (6th c.AD: Palladas Epigrammaticus) ] Refs 6th c.AD+]; of astrological calculations, [[ 2nd c.AD: Vettius Valens Astrologus 10.15, +others ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __II.1.b in Magic, κατέχων τὴν ψ. (i. e. the object on which the number is written) λέγε.. [[ “PMag.Par.” 1.1048, compare 937. ] Refs]
__II.2 pebble used for a draughts- or chess-man, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 487c; κύβος ἐν παιδιᾷ ψήφων 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.427f. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2.b pebble used by jugglers, ψηφάων παῖκται [[ 4th c.AD(?): Manetho Astrologus 4.448. ] Refs 4th c.AD+]
__II.3 pebble used in divination, ἡ διὰ ψήφων μαντική [[ 2nd c.AD: Apollodorus Damascenus Mechanicus 3.10.2. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__II.4 cube used in mosaic pavements, [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “προτρεπτικός - Scripta Minora” 8. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__II.5 pebble used in voting, ψήφῳ ψηφίζεσθαι [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.55; ἐὰν μὴ τῇ ψ... ψηφίσωνται κρύβδην ψηφιζόμενοι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 59.89 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: hence, the vote itself, ψῆφον φέρειν give one's vote, ἐν καρδίᾳ ψ. φέροντες [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 680, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.2, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.61, etc.; ὑπέρ τινος 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 7; περί τινος [prev. author] 11, etc.; ψήφου φορά 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 484 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψῆφον τίθεσθαι, ={ψηφίζεσθαι}, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.123, compare 6.57; εἰς τεῦχος.. ψήφους ἔθεντο 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 816 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; with infinitive, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.73; ψ. προσθέσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.40 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψήφῳ διαιρεῖν to determine by vote, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 630 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ψήφῳ κρίνειν, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.87, etc.; μεταλαβὼν τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 36b, cf. Legal cited in 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.47: in _collective_ sense, ἐχρῆν.. ψ. περὶ αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι] Refs 5th c.BC+] a vote is taken, [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.47; ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψ. 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 13.37; ἡ σῴζουσα ψ. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.66 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἷς ἂν πλείστη γένηται ψ. a majority of votes, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 759d: τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγειν] Refs 5th c.BC+] to put the vote or question, of the president, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.119, 125; ψῆφον δοῦναι περί τινος “IG” 22.222.24, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.188; ψ. ἀναδοὺς περί τινος 2nd c.AD: Appianus Historicus “Bella Civilia” 1.100; so ψ. περὶ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ προτεθεῖσαν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.65 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; διένεμον (variants διενέμοντο, ἔφερον) τὰς ψ. were casting their votes, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.123 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑπὸ ψήφου μιᾶς with one accord, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 270 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. φανερά open voting, ψ. φανερὰν διενεγκεῖν [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.74; τὴν ψ. οὐκ εἰς καδίσκους ἀλλὰ φανερὰν ἐπὶ τὰς τραπέζας τίθεσθαι 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 13.37, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 767d, 855d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; opposed to ψ. ἀφανής voting by ballot, [[ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.233; κρύβδην τὴν ψ. φέρειν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica ad Alexandrum” 1433a23, compare 1424b2, “Ath.” 69.1. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.5.b that which is carried by vote, a vote, ψ. καταγνώσεως a vote of condemnation, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.82 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψῆφος αὐτῷ ἐπῆκτο περὶ φυγῆς a vote of banishment was moved for against him, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.7.57, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 198; ψήφῳ πόλεως γνωσθεῖσαι [prev. author] “Supp.” 7 (_anapaest meter_):] Refs 5th c.BC+] —hence,
__II.5.c any resolve or decree, ψ. τυράννων [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 60 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; λιθίνα ψᾶφος a decree written on stone, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.87 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; διδοῖ ψᾶφον περ᾽ αὐτᾶς [the oak] gives judgement of itself, [[ [prev. author] “P.” 4.265 ] Refs]; ψ. φλεγυρὰ βροτῶν, i. e. public opinion, [[ 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 57 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τίν᾽ ἂν ψῆφον θεῖ; what judgment.. ? [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 330c, compare “R.” 450a; ἡ ἐμὴ ψ. [prev. author] “Phlb.” 57a. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.5.d Ἀθηνᾶς ψ., calculus Minervae, proverbial phrase to express acquittal, when the votes were even, [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vitae Sophistarum” 2.3. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__II.5.e ψ. is sometimes omitted, κἂν ἴσαι γένωνται [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 685 (Lyric poetry); πάσαις κρατεῖν 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Bis Acc.” 18, compare 22. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.5.f Διὸς ψῆφος (ψῆφοι [[ 5th c.AD(?): Hesychius Legal icographus), proverbial ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ ἀθίκτων,] Refs 5th c.AD+] of the scene of contest betw. Athena and Poseidon, [[ 10th c.AD: Suidas Legal icographus, etc. ] Refs]
__II.5.g Κόννου ψ., negligible quantity, cipher, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 675 (_anapaest meter_), compare Κοννᾶς. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.6 place of voting, tribunal, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 945, “El.” 1263. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.7 metaphorically, influence, πόλις μεγάλην ψ. ἔχουσα [[ 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Orationes” 18.13. ] Refs 4th c.AD+]
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STEPBible TFLSJ (Translators Formatted full LSJ Bible lexicon), CC BY 4.0, Tyndale House. Greek lexical entries from the full Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon, formatted by Tyndale House Cambridge for biblical study.
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