οἶδα,
perfect morphology, οἶδα I know, used as present: pluperfect ᾔδεα (see. below), I knew, used as imperfect:—perfect οἶδα, Aeolic dialect ὄϊδα [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 145 ] Refs 7th c.BC+]; 2nd pers. singular οἶδας once in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.337, compare “hymnus ad Mercurium” 456, 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 491, 6th c.BC: Hipponax Iambographus 89, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων” 67, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 780, 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 44.3 codices ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἶσθα elsewhere in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+], Attic dialect, etc.; in Comedy texts also sometimes οἶσθας [[ 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 105, 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 15.11, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 348.5, compare 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 2.55 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; plural, ἴσμεν, Epic dialect, Aeolic dialect, and Doric dialect ἴδμεν, also Ionic dialect, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.6, +others] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.211, +others, but ῑς- [prev. work] 283, +others]] Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἴδαμεν [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.17, οἴδατε “Anthologia Graeca” 12.81 (1st c.BC: Meleager Epigrammaticus), οἴδᾱσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.43, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 20.14 codices; dual, οἴδατον 5th-4th c.BC: Socratis et Socraticorum Epistulae “Ep.” 22.1: _imperative_ ἴσθι, ἴστω, _Boeotian dialect_ ἴττω, late ἰδέτω 3rd-2nd c.BC: Phalaris Epistolographus “Epistulae - Epistolographi” 122 codices: from _3rd.pers._ _plural_ ἴσασι (ἴσαντι 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 53)] Refs 5th c.BC+] were formed Doric dialect 1st pers. singular ἴσᾱμι [[ 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 254, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.248 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; 3rd.pers. singular ἴσατι [[ “IG” 14.644.4 (from Bruttii)] Refs]; 1st pers. plural ἴσᾰμεν [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.14, ἴσαμες probably in “Dialexeis 5th c.BC” 6.12] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Cretan dialect 3rd.pers. plural subjunctive ἴθθαντι [[ “GDI” 5024 ] Refs]; infinitive ϝισάμην[[ Kohler-Ziebarth “Stadtrecht von Gortyn” 34 No.3.19] Refs]; participle ἴσας [[ 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 175.19, _dative_ _sing._ ἴσαντι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.29, Cretan dialect _plural_ ἴθθαντες “GDI” 5024: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]subjunctive εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.235, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.236)] Refs 8th c.BC+], Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. plural εἰδέωσι [[ “SIG” 45.21 (Halic., 5th c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect also εἴδω [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.174, +others (compare 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus Gr. 2.131), εἴδομεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.363, εἴδετε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.17: _optative_ εἰδείην] Refs 8th c.BC+], 1st pers. plural εἰδεῖμεν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 190b, “R.” 582a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: infinitive εἰδέναι, Epic dialect ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, also ἰδέμεν [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.25 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: participle εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, Epic dialect also ἰδυῖα, Elean ϝειζώς [[ “Schwyzer” 409 ] Refs]:—pluperfect ᾔδεα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.71, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.150 ] Refs 8th c.BC+], contraction ᾔδη [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 18, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 511, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 199a, ᾔδησθα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.93, 5th c.BC: Eupolis Comicus 416, etc. (but ᾔδεισθα] Refs 8th c.BC+] frequently in codices, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 551, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 108, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 80d, +others), ᾔδεε (ν) 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.402, +others, ᾔδη 1.70, +others] Refs 8th c.BC+] (also later Attic dialect, accusative to [[ 3rd-2nd c.BC: Aristarchus Grammaticus cited in 4th-5th c.AD: Choeroboscus Grammaticus “Scholia in Theodosii Canones” 2.86), _Attic dialect_ _contraction_ ᾔδει (ν) 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1187, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 558, etc.; _Epic dialect_ 2 and _3rd.pers._ _sing._ ἠείδης, ἠείδη] Refs 5th c.BC+] (variant -εις, - ει), [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.280, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.206 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Attic dialect also 1st pers. singular ᾔδειν [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 37.24 ] Refs 4th c.BC+], 2nd pers. singular ᾔδεις [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 554, etc.; _plural_, ᾔδειμεν 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.82, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Posteriora” 87b40, ᾔδεμεν 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 14D. (to be read in 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1232), ᾔδειτε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 55.9, etc. (ᾔδετε probably in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 1345)] Refs 5th c.BC+], Ionic dialect ᾐδέατε [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.58 (συν-), ᾔδεισαν LXX.Gen.42.23, 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 15.3.23, ᾔδεσαν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.175, 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 54, etc.] LXX+6th c.BC+]; late Epic dialect ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, [[ 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.65, 4.1700, also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 149.4 (probably), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 340, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 231, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἴσαν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.405, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.772 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—future, in this sense, εἴσομαι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.548, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 20, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 332, etc.; also εἰδήσω 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.327, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.234, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.44, 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 31.5, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Topica” 108a28, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 5.78, 3rd-2nd c.BC: Apollonius Pergaeus Geometra “Conica” 1 “Praef.”, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; infinitive εἰδησέμεν [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.257.] Refs 8th c.BC+] —The aorist and perfect are usually supplied by γιγνώσκ; aorist 1 infinitive εἰδῆσαι is found in [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Acut.(Sp.”) 22, “Epid.” 6.8.25 (ἐξ-), 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1156b27, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Char. Prooem.” 4; _imperative_ εἴδησον “PCair.Zen.” 36.2 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; 3rd.pers. plural subjunctive εἰδήσωσιν [[Herzog “Koische Forschungen“ No. 190 (2nd-1st c.BC)] Refs 2nd c.BC+]:—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc.: with _accusative_ _of things_, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ᾽ ἐόντα τά τ᾽ ἐσσόμενα πρό τ᾽ ἐόντα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.70 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.122, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.363, etc.: less frequently with _accusative_ _person_, τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.551, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 365e, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.34, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.6, etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.4: strengthened by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ᾽ ἴσθι] Refs 5th c.BC+] know well, be assured of this, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 593; σάφ᾽ οἶδ᾽ ἐγώ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 740, etc.: frequently in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus with _neuter_ ] Refs 8th c.BC+] adjective, to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.41 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.189; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433, 19.248 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.73; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.277; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584, 24.442 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: with genitive, ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.229; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow,[[ 2.718; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.202; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.823; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360; παῖδ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἐόντ᾽ οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς 11.710; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him,[[ 14.235, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.21, etc.: _imperative_, frequently in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός] Refs 5th c.BC+] be Zeus my witness, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.329; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; Boeotian dialect ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 860, etc.: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]participle εἰδώς, absolutely, one who knows, one acquainted with the fact, ἰδυίῃ πάντ᾽ ἀγορεύω [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.365; μετ᾽ εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.36, compare 3.53; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 337d, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.608, +others ] Refs 8th c.BC+]