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Related to: πούς, ὁ, ποδός, ποδί, πόδα
(not ποῦν, Thom.Mag.p.257 R.): dative plural ποσί, Epic dialect and Lyric poetry ποσσί (also [[ 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 100 (Lyric poetry)), πόδεσσι,] Refs 5th c.BC+] once πόδεσι [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 240 (Lyric poetry): _genitive_ and _dative_ dual ποδοῖν,] Refs 5th c.BC+] Epic dialect ποδοῖιν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.537 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—Doric dialect nominative πός (compare ἀρτίπος, πούλυπος, etc.) [[ “Lyrica Adespota” 72] Refs], but πούς [[ “Tab.Heracl.” 2.34 (perhaps Hellenistic)] Refs]; πῶς· πός, ὑπὸ Δωριέων, [[ 5th c.AD(?): Hesychius Legal icographus ] Refs 5th c.AD+] (perhaps πός· πούς, ὑ.Δ.); Laconian dialect πόρ, [[[prev. author] (on the accent see Hdn.Gr. 2.921, 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 134.24)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]:—foot, both of men and beasts, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.212, 8.339 (both _plural_), etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; in plural, also, a bird's talons, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.526 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; arms or feelers of a polypus, [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 524 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: properly the foot from the ankle down wards, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.386; ταρσὸς ποδός 11.377, 388 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ξύλινος π., of an artificial foot, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.37 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: but also of the leg with the foot, as χείρ for the arm and hand, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.772, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.149, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Alex.” 59. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__2 foot as that with which one runs, πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.215, +others; or walks, τῷ δ᾽ ὑπὸ ποσσὶ μέγας πελεμίζετ᾽ Ὄλυμπος 8.443 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; frequently with reference to swiftness, περιγιγνόμεθ᾽ ἄλλων πύξ τε.. ἠδὲ πόδεσσιν [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.103 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ποσὶν ἐρίζειν to race on foot, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.325, compare 23.792; πόδεσσι πάντας ἐνίκα 20.410, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.261; ἀέθλια ποσσὶν ἄροντο 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.124, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ποδῶν τιμά, αἴγλα, ἀρετά, ὁρμά, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 12.15, 13.36, “P.” 10.23, 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 9.20; ἅμιλλαν ἐπόνει ποδοῖν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 213 (Lyric poetry): the _dative_ ποσί ] Refs 5th c.BC+] (ποσσί, πόδεσσι) is added to many Verbs denoting motion, π. βήσετο, παρέδραμον, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.389, 23.636; π. θέειν, πηδᾶν, σκαίρειν, πλίσσεσθαι, [prev. work] 622, 21.269, 18.572, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.318; ὀρχεῖσθαι 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 3; ἔρχεσθαι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.39; πάρος ποσὶν οὖδας ἱκέσθαι 8.376; νέρθε δὲ ποσσὶν ἤϊε μακρὰ βιβάς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.212 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; also emphatically with Verbs denoting to trample or tread upon, πόσσι καταστείβοισι [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 94; ἐπεμβῆναι ποδί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 456 ] Refs 7th c.BC+]; πόδα βαίνειν, see at {βαίνω} [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.4] Refs 4th c.BC+]; πόδα τιθέναι to journey, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 1100: _metaphorically_, νόστιμον ναῦς ἐκίνησεν πόδα] Refs 5th c.BC+] started on its homeward way, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 940 (Lyric poetry); νεῶν λῦσαι ποθοῦσιν οἴκαδ᾽.. πόδα [prev. work] 1020 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χειρῶν ἔκβαλλον ὀρείους πόδας ναός, i. e. oars, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Timotheus Lyricus “Persae” 102 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φωνὴ τῶν π. τοῦ ὑετοῦ sound of the pattering of rain, [[ LXX.3Ki.18.41. ] LXX]
Close Browse lexicon entries __3 as a point of measurement, ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς from head to foot, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.353; ἐκ κεφαλῆς ἐς πόδας ἄκρους 16.640; and reversely, ἐκ ποδῶν δ᾽ ἄνω.. εἰς ἄκρον κάρα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 169; ἐκ τῶν ποδῶν ἐς τὴν κεφαλήν σοι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 650; also ἐκ τριχὸς ἄχρι ποδῶν “Anthologia Graeca” 5.193 (3rd c.BC: Posidippus Comicus or 3rd c.BC: Asclepiades Epigrammaticus); ἐς κορυφὰν ἐκ ποδός [prev. work] 7.388 (from Bianor). ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__4 πρόσθε ποδός or ποδῶν, προπάροιθε ποδῶν, just before one, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.877, 21.601, 13.205; τὸ πρὸ ποδὸς.. χρῆμα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 8(7).13; αὐτὰ τὰ πρὸ τῶν ποδῶν ὁρᾶν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Respublica Lacedaemoniorum” 3.4, compare “An.” 4.6.12, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 432d. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__4.b παρά or πὰρ ποδός off-hand, at once, ἀνελέσθαι πὰρ ποδός [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 282; γνόντα τὸ πὰρ ποδός 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.60, compare 10.62; πὰρ ποδί ] Refs 6th c.BC+]close at hand, [[ [prev. author] “O.” 1.74 ] Refs]; but παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θυμός sank to their feet, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.280; παρὰ πόδα ] Refs 8th c.BC+]in a moment, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 838 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Sophista” 242a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; close behind, Νέμεσις δέ γε πὰρ πόδας (to be read πόδα) βαίνει Prov. cited in [[ 10th c.AD: Suidas Legal icographus ] Refs]; also παρὰ πόδας immediately afterwards [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.35.3, 5.26.13, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 5.272; παρὰ π. οἱ ἔλεγχοι 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Hist. Conscr.” 13, compare 2nd c.AD: Aristides Rhetor 2.115 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; τὰ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ καὶ παρὰ πόδας at his very feet, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 174a; περὶ τῶν παρὰ πόδας καὶ τῶν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς [prev. work]c; τὸ πλησίον καὶ παρὰ π. 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Cal.” 1. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__4.c ἐν ποσί in one's way, close at hand, τὸν ἐν π. γινόμενον [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.79, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 8.32; τἀν ποσὶν κακά 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1327, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 397; τοὐν ποσὶν κακόν [prev. author] Alcaeus739; τὴν ἐν ποσὶ [κώμην] αἱρεῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.97; τὰ ἐν ποσὶν ἀγνοεῖν ] Refs 5th c.BC+]everyday matters, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 175b, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1263a18, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__4.d τὸ πρὸς ποσί, ={τὸ ἐν ποσί}, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 130. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__4.e all these phrases are opposed to ἐκ ποδῶν out of the way, far off, written ἐκποδών [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.35, etc.; also, βίαια πάντ᾽ ἐκ ποδὸς ἐρύσαις 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.67. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__5 to denote close pursuit, ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι follow in the track, i.e. close behind, [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.68.1, compare 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 20.57, 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 2.33, etc.; ἐκ ποδῶν διώξαντες 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Pelopidas” 11. ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__5.b in earlier writers κατὰ πόδας on the heels of a person, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.98, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.98, 8.17, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.1.20, LXX.Gen.49.19 (also κατὰ πόδα ὑπολαβεῖν ] LXX+5th c.BC+]on the moment, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Sophista” 243d)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ κατὰ πόδας ἡμέρα the very next day, [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.12.1 (but κατὰ πόδας αἱρεῖν] Refs 2nd c.BC+] catch it running, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.40, compare “Mem.” 2.6.9): with _genitive_ _person_, κατὰ πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν, ἰέναι,] Refs 5th c.BC+] march, come close at his heels, on his track, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.89, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.64 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῇ κατὰ π. ἡμέρᾳ τῆς ἐκκλησίας on the day immediately after it, [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.45.5; κατὰ π. τῆς μάχης 2nd c.AD: Aristides Rhetor 1.157J., etc. ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__6.a ἀνὰ πόδα backwards, [[ 5th c.AD(?): Hesychius Legal icographus ] Refs 5th c.AD+]
__6.b ἐπὶ πόδα backwards facing the enemy, ἐπὶ π. ἀναχωρεῖν, ἀνάγειν, ἀναχάζεσθαι, to retire without turning to fly, leisurely, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.2.32, “Cyr.” 3.3.69, 7.1.34, etc.; also ἐπὶ πόδας 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Pisc.” 12 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but γίνεται ἡ ἔξοδος οἷον ἐπὶ πόδας the offspring is as it were born feetforemost, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Generatione Animalium” 752b14. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__6.c περὶ πόδα, properly of a shoe, round the foot, i.e. fitting exactly, ὡς ἔστι μοι τὸ χρῆμα τοῦτο περὶ πόδα [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Comicus 197, compare 129: with _dative_, ὁρᾷς ὡς ἐμμελὴς ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ περὶ πόδα τῇ ἱστορίᾳ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Hist.Conscr.” 14, compare “Ind.” 10, “Pseudol.” 23. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__6.d ὡς ποδῶνἔχει as he is off for feet, i. e. as quick as he can, ὡς ποδῶν εἶχον [τάχιστα] ἐβοήθεον [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.116; ἐδίωκον ὡς ποδῶν ἕκαστος εἶχον [prev. author] 9.59; φευκτέον ὡς ἔχει ποδῶν ἕκαστος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 507d; so, σοῦσθε.. ὅπως ποδῶν [ἔχετε] 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 837 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__6.e ἔξω τινὸς πόδα ἔχειν keep one's foot out of a thing, i. e. be clear of it, ἔξω κομίζων πηλοῦ πόδα [[ [prev. author] “Ch.” 697; πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχει [prev. author] “Pr.” 265; ἐκτὸς κλαυμάτων 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1260; ἔξω πραγμάτων 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 109: without a _genitive_, ἐκτὸς ἔχειν πόδα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.289: opposed to εἰς ἄντλον ἐμβήσῃ πόδα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 168; ἐν τούτῳ πεδίλῳ.. πόδ᾽ ἔχων 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.8. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__6.f ἀμφοῖν ποδοῖν, etc., to denote energetic action, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 35, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.78; συνέχευε ποσὶν καὶ χερσὶν 15.364; χερσίν τε ποσίν τε καὶ σθένει 20.360; τιμωρήσειν χειρὶ καὶ ποδὶ καὶ πάσῃ δυνάμει 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.115, compare 3.109 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τερπωλῆς ἐπέβημεν ὅλῳ ποδί with all the foot, i.e. entirely, [[ 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 4.1166, compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 13.19 (probably); καταφεύγειν ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν ὥσπερ ἐκ δυοῖν ποδοῖν 2nd c.AD: Aristides Rhetor 1.117J.; opposed to οὐκ ἂν προβαίην τὸν πόδα τὸν ἕτερον 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 161; οὐκ ἂν ἔφασκεν ἐξελθεῖν οὐδὲ τὸν ἕτερον πόδα 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 1.82. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__6.g τὴν ὑπὸ πόδα [κατάστασιν] just below them, [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 2.68.9 ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ὑπὸ πόδας τίθεσθαι trample under foot, scorn, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1097c] Refs 1st c.AD+]; οἱ ὑπὸ πόδα those next below them (in rank), [[ 1st c.AD: Onosander (Onasander) Tacticus 25.2 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; ὑπὸ πόδα χωρεῖν recede, decline, of strength, [[ 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus ] Refs 2nd c.AD+] middle cited in [[ 4th c.AD: Oribasius Medicus (?) 21.16. ] Refs 4th c.AD+]
__6.h for ὀρθῷ ποδί, see at {ὀρθός} [[ II.1. ] Refs]
__6.k ἁλιεῖς ἀπὸ ποδός probably fishermen who fish from the land, not from boats, [[ “BGU” 221.5 (2nd-3rd c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ποτίσαι ἀπὸ ποδός perhaps irrigate by the feet (of oxen turning the irrigation-wheel), [[ “PRyl.” 157.21 (2nd c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; τόπον.. ἀπὸ ποδὸς ἐξηρτισμένον uncertain meaning in [[ “POsl.” 55.11 (2nd-3rd c.AD). ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__1 ἀγγεῖον.. τρήματα ἐκ τῶν ὑπὸ ποδὸς ἔχον round the bottom, [[ 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 2.72. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__7 πούς τινος, as periphrastic for a person as coming, etc., σὺν πατρὸς μολὼν ποδί, i.e. σὺν πατρί, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 661; παρθένου δέχου πόδα [prev. author] “Or.” 1217, compare “Hec.” 977, “HF” 336; χρόνου πόδα [prev. author] “Ba.” 889 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 100 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός, i.e. μόνος ὤν, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 91 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ δ᾽ ἀφ᾽ ἡσύχου π., i.e. οἱ ἡσύχως ζῶντες, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 217. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II metaphorically, of things, foot, lowest part, especially foot of a hill, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.824, 20.59 (_plural_), 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 11.36, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of a table, couch, etc., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 530, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.8.16, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare πέζ; of the side strokes at the foot of the letter Ω, Callias cited in [[ 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 10.454a ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ={ποδεών}[[ 11.1, ἀσκοῦ.. λῦσαι π. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 679. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 in a ship, πόδες are the two lower corners of the sail, or the ropes fastened therelo, by which the sails are tightened or slackened, sheets [[compare (ποδεών 11.4), 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.260 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; χαλᾶν πόδα ease off the sheet, as is done when a squall is coming, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 707 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοῦ ποδὸς παρίει let go hold of it, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 436; ἐκδοῦναι ὀλίγον τοῦ ποδός 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Cont.” 3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐκπετάσουσι πόδα ναός (with reference to the sail), [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1135 (Lyric poetry): opposed to τεῖναι πόδα] Refs 5th c.BC+] haul it tight, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 715 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ναῦς ἐνταθεῖσα ποδί a ship with her sheet close hauled, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 706; κὰδ᾽ δ᾽.. λαῖφος ἐρυσσάμενοι τανύοντο ἐς πόδας ἀμφοτέρους 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.932; ἱστία.. ἐτάνυσσαν ὑπ᾽ ἀμφοτέροισι πόδεσσι 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 9.438. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2.b perhaps of the rudder or steering-paddle, αἰεὶ γὰρ πόδα νηὸς ἐνώμων [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.32 (cf. Scholia (at [prev. work])); πὰρ ποδὶ ναός 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 6.55. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__III a foot, as a measure of length, = [[ 4 palms (παλασταί) or 6 fingers, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.149, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 82c, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV foot in Prosody, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1323 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 400a, 4th c.BC: Aristoxenus Musicus “Harmonica” p.34 M., 7th c.AD: Hephaestio Grammaticus 3.1, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so of a metrical phrase or passage, ἔκμετρα καὶ ὑπὲρ τὸν π. [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Pr.Im.” 18 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of a long passage declaimed in one breath, κήρυκες ὅταν τὸν καλούμενον πόδα μέλλωσιν ἐρεῖν [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 4.459, compare 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Demon.” 65, 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 4.91. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__V boundary stone, [[ 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator “fragment” 27 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]. (Cf. Latin pes, Gothic fotus, etc. 'foot'; related to πέδον as noted by [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Incessu Animalium” 706a33.) ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
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