καυλός, ὁ,
stem of a plant (opposed to στέλεχος, of trees, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 1.1.9), 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 158, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 824 (_anapaest meter_); κ. σιλφίου [prev. work] 894 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἢ σίλφιον ἢ ὀπὸς ἢ κ. [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων” 37; called ἐκ Κυρήνης κ. 5th c.BC: Hermippus Comicus 63.4; κ. ἐκ Καρχηδόνος 4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 19; κ. Λίβυς 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 217.13, compare 325; κράμβης “BGU” 1118.12 (_plural_, 1st c.BC),compare 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 2.120, 2nd c.AD: Archigenes Medicus cited in 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 13.331. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__2 [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (only in 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad”)] Refs 8th c.BC+], spear-shaft, ἐν καυλῷ ἐάγη δολιχὸν δόρυ [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.162; κατεκλάσθη δ᾽ ἐνὶ καυλῷ ἔγχος [prev. work] 608 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; once of a sword-hilt, ἀμφὶ δὲ καυλὸν φάσγανον ἐρραίσθη [[ 16.338. ] Refs]
__3 of various tubular structures in animals, πτεροῦ καυλός quill part of a feather, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 251b, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 504a31 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; neck of the bladder, [[[prev. work] 497a20 ] Refs]; duct of the penis, [[[prev. work] 510a26 ] Refs]; cervix uteri, [[[prev. work] 510b11 ] Refs]; ovipositor of locusts, [[[prev. work] 555b21. ] Refs]
__4 shank of a fish-hook, [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Oppianus Anazarbensis Epicus “Halieutica - Poetae Bucolici et Didactici” 3.148. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]