μάθ-ημα, ατος, τό,
(μαθεῖν) that which is learnt, lesson, τὰ παθήματα μαθήματα [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.207; μ. μαθεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 918 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μ. τινός or περί τι, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 211 c, “R.” 525d; προσπορεύεται πρὸς τὰ λοιπὰ μ. “PCair.Zen.” 60.7 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀφεῖσθαι τοὺς παῖδας ἀπὸ τῶν μ. [[ “SIG” 577.77 (Milet., 3rd-2nd c.BC), compare 578.28 (Teos, 2nd c.BC), +others ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__2 learning, knowledge, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1231, “Av.” 380, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.39, “PSI” 1.94.9 (2nd c.AD), etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ καθιστάμενοι ἐπὶ τῶν μ. educational authorities, [[ “SIG” 578.66 (Teos, 2nd c.BC)] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; τὸ μ. τὸ περὶ τὰς τάξεις the science of tactics, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 182b: frequently in _plural_, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.27, etc.; μαθημάτων φρόντιζε μᾶλλον χρημάτων· τὰ γὰρ μαθήματ᾽ εὐπορεῖ τὰ χρήματα 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 232. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__3 especially the mathematical sciences, [[ 4th c.BC: Archytas Tarentinus Philosophus 1, 3 at Title Page ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; τρία μ., i. e. arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy, accusative to [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 817e, compare 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Ind.Sto.” 66] Refs 5th c.BC+]; later τὰ τέσσαρα μ. (ἁρμονική being added) [[ “Theologumena Arithmeticae” 17; 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus ] Refs 4th c.BC+] distinguished pure from mixed μ., τὰ φυσικώτερα τῶν μ., οἷον ὀπτικὴ καὶ ἁρμονικὴ καὶ ἀστρονομία [[ “Ph.” 194a8; ἡ ἐν τοῖς μ. ἁρμονική “Metaphorical” 997b21; τὰ μ. περὶ τὰ εἴδη ἐστίν “APo.” 79a7 ] Refs]; οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν μ. mathematicians, [[ 2nd c.AD: Cleomedes Astronomus 1.8. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]