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πον-έω,
πονέομαι, in early Greek only middle πονέομαι, infinitive -έεσθαι[[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.116: ] Refs 8th c.BC+]imperfect ἐπονεῖτο, Epic dialect πονεῖτο [[ 9.12 ] Refs]: future πονήσομαι [[ 23.159, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 1.4, later πονέσομαι 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Asin.” 9: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]aorist ἐπονησάμην, Epic dialect πονήσατο [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.348, (δια-) 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 966c, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 5.10 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπονήθην falsa lectio in [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 1509 (Lyric poetry), (δια-) 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.267: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]perfect πεπόνημαι, Ionic dialect3rd.pers. plural — -έαται[[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.63 ] Refs 5th c.BC+], Epic dialect -ήαται[[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 82 ] Refs 4th c.BC+], Attic dialect -ηνται[[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 58e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: pluperfect πεπόνητο [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.447 ] Refs 8th c.BC+], Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural -ήατο[[ 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.263: ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__I absolutely, work hard, ὡς ἐπονεῖτο [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.409 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος he ought to suffer toil in praying, [[ 10.117 ] Refs]; ὅπλα.., τοῖς ἐπονεῖτο with which he did his work, of Hephaestus,[[ 18.413, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.13 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; περὶ δόρπα.. πονέοντο were busied about their supper, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.444, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.63, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 58e ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; so πεπόνητο καθ᾽ ἵππους was busy with the horses, of a charioteer, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.447 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πονέοντο κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην were toiling in the fight, [[ 5.84, etc.; hence πονεῖσθαι alone ={μάχεσθαι}, 4.374, 13.288 ] Refs]; π. τινός to be busy with.., [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 82, compare 758. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __I.2 suffer from illness, be sick, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.51. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II with accusative, work hard at, make or do with pains or care, τύμβον [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.245; ταῦτ᾽ ἐπονεῖτο ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι 18.380; ὅπλα.. πονησάμενοι κατὰ νῆα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.9; πονησάμενος τὰ ἃ ἔργα 9.250, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.348, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 432 (i.e. ἄροτρα); πονεύμενος ἕρκος ἀλωῆς 2nd c.BC: Moschus Bucolicus 4.100; πεπονήατο δαῖτα γέροντι 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.263. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B after [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, the _active_ form πονέω] Refs 8th c.BC+] prevails: future πονήσω [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 344, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 410b, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 1.2, 5; later πονέσω 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Mechanica” 856b9, “Lyric poetry Alex.Adesp.” 37.3, LXX.Isa.19.10, +others] LXX+5th c.BC+], and in codices of [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 4.32: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]aorist ἐπόνησα, Doric dialect -ᾱσα,[[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1369 (_anapaest meter_), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 462d, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων” 46, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 15.80; poetry πόνησα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.36; later ἐπόνεσα LXX.1Ki.23.21, +others, 3rd-2nd c.BC: Philo Mechanicus “(Belopoeica) Excerpte aus Philons Mechanik - Ath. Berl. Akad.” 58.1, +others, 2nd c.AD: Polyaenus Historicus 3.10.6, etc.] LXX+5th c.BC+], and in codices of [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Κωακαὶ προγνώσιες” 489, “Morb.” 1.4, 14 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect πεπόνηκα [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 820, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.22, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης” 2.66; later πεπόνεκα “PMich.Zen.” 104.3 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: pluperfect ἐπεπονήκει [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.38:] Refs 5th c.BC+] —passive, aorist ἐπονήθην (ἐξ-) [[ [prev. author] 6.31 ] Refs]; Doric dialect subjunctive πονᾱθῇ [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.11 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect πεπόνημαι [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 985 (_anapaest meter_), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 232a (see. below 1.3): ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.I intransitive, toil, labour, περὶ λήϊον [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.14; ἐς ἄκαιρα πονεῖν 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 919 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; πόνει μετ᾽ εὐκλείας Anon cited in [[ 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 3.1.173 = “JHS” 27.63 (Cyzicus, 4th-3rd c.BC)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἄλλως, μάτην π., labour in vain, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1151, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 501: with _accusative_, τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα μὴ πόνει μάτην] Refs 5th c.BC+] do not labour at.., [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 44; ἀνήνυτα π. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 531a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely of things, τίς.. αἶνος ἐπ᾽ ἀνδρὶ θείῳ.. πονήσε; [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1550 (Lyric poetry, uncertain, to be read αἶνον). ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__B.I.2 with accusative cognate, π. πόνον go through, suffer toil, [[ [prev. author] “Pers.” 682, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 779, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1419, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1369 (_anapaest meter_), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 410b, etc.; περὶ τῶν παθημάτων ὧν νοσέουσί τε καὶ πονέουσι 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 2, etc.; ἅμιλλαν ποδοῖν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 212 (Lyric poetry); π. πολλά [prev. author] “Supp.” 577: with modal words, π. τινί] Refs 5th c.BC+] suffer in or by a thing, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.36; δίψῃ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 484; ὑπὸ χειμῶνος 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.2.1; τῇ κυήσει 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 570b3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰρεσίᾳ Polyaen.[same place]: c.accusative partis, πεπόνηκα.. τὼ σκέλει mylegs ache, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 820 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὰς κεφαλάς, τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, τὰ γόνατα, have a pain in.., [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 557a10, “Pr.” 959b21, 882b25 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: with modal dative added, π. πλευρὰν πικρᾷ γλωχῖνι [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 681 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: absolutely, labour under sickness, suffer, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 8 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; suffer damage, ἅπαν ἂν συμπαθὲς ἦν ἑνὸς μορίου πονήσαντος [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Partibus Animalium” 690b4 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; also, suffer pain, ἀεὶ π. τὸ ζῷον Anaxag.ap [same work][[ “EN” 1154b7 ] Refs]; of an army, to be hard-pressed, suffer, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.73, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.21, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of ships, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.38 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of implements, arms, etc., to be worn out, spoilt, or damaged, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.194, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.49.11, “Inscription Délos” 442 B 204, +others (2nd c.BC)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; τὰ σπαρτία ἧττον πονέσει [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Mech.” [same place]; ῥίζαι πεπονηκυῖαι 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 3.7.1 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; of buildings, to be dilapidated, [[ PEnteux. 6.3 (3rd c.BC), etc. ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__B.I.3 passive, impersonal, οὐκ ἄλλως αὐτοῖς πεπόνηται, ={πεπονήκασι}, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 232a. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.1 c.accusative person, afflict, distress, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.151, conjecture in “Anacreontea” 33.14] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, to be afflicted or worn out, suffer greatly, πεπονημένος ὀδύναις [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 985 (_anapaest meter_); πόλεως πονουμένης τῷ πολέμῳ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.59; τόν τε θνῄσκοντα καὶ τὸν πονούμενον [prev. author] 2.51. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.1.b passive, to be trained or educated, δοκεῖ ὁ κατ᾽ ἀλήθειαν πολιτικὸς πεπονῆσθαι περὶ [τὴν ἀρετήν] [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1102a8; πεπονημένην ἔχειν τὴν ἕξιν [prev. author] “Pol.” 1335b8, compare 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 13.14 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; πεπονημένον ὑπό μου though he owes his training to me, [[ “PCair.Zen.” 378.16 (3rd c.BC). ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__B.II.2 with accusative of things, gain by toil or labour, [χρήματα] [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.41 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, to be won or achieved by toil, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.11, compare “P.” 9.93. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.2.b passive, of meats, to be dressed, cooked, [[ 2nd c.BC: Ptolemaeus Euergetes II Historicus 9J., 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “de Morte - Papiri Ercolanesi” 24; ἄρτος πεπονημένος ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]specially prepared, [[ 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.94.—The rule of 4th-5th c.AD: Choeroboscus Grammaticus “Scholia in Theodosii Canones” 2.137 H., “Etymologicum Magnum” 130.3, that when πονέω] Refs 2nd c.AD+] means toil, the future and aorist are πονήσω, ἐπόνησα, when suffer pain, πονέσω, ἐπόνεσα, is not borne out by the examples (see. above).—The future middle κατα-πονήσομαι is used as transitive by [[ 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 11.15 ] Refs 1st c.BC+]; so aorist passive πονήθη in [[ “IG” 9(1).867.6 (Corc., 7th-6th c.BC)] Refs 7th c.BC+]; and the intransitive and transitive senses are united in [[ “Anacreontea” 33.14 (conjecture), 15. ] Refs]
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